1. Smoking and Periodontal Disease
... cancer. The 5-year survival rate is only between 5 and 10%. A substantial proportion of cancers in the mouth, throat, esophagus, urinary bladder and pancreas are also caused by tobacco smoking (Allard et al.) The most disabling chronic lung disease related to smoking is chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD, 'smoker's lung') comprising emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The terminal stage of COLD is increasing respiratory ... dental restorations and dentures (Watts & Addy, 2001).The effect of smoking is more severe than that of the consumption of coffee and tea. The discoloration ranges ...
- Word Count: 2015
- Approx Pages: 8
- Grade Level: Undergraduate