... -1700s, Brazil, Saint-Domingue, and Jamaica were the three largest slave colonies in the Americas. By the 1830s, Cuba emerged as the principal Caribbean plantation colony. Throughout the history of the transatlantic slave trade, however, more Africans arrived as slaves in Brazil than in any other colony. Dutch ... from Europe with large crews, including surgeons, carpenters, coopers (barrel-workers), cooks (some of whom were of African descent), sailors (who apprenticed to sea at a young age), and others hired to guard slaves on the African coast and on the Middle Passage, where threats o...

• Word Count: 5818
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Kinship and family ties provided the personal and collective character of Africans and when taken beyond their shores they became rootless and "all at sea". Only the young and adult males were at first taken, leaving behind wives and families, slave traders had no consideration or concept that ... used to demonstrate the strength of the bond forged on the passage between slaves. When looking at the cultural habits of slaves in the Caribbean and in North America there can be seen many similarities, the obvious being the formation of links with other "family" members throughout different ...

• Word Count: 2095
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Goodison's For Rosa Parks; "But the people had walked before in yoked formations down to Calabar, into the belly of close-ribbed whales, sealed for seasons." Testimony of William James, Sea Captain: The Black Traders of Bonny and Calabar, who are very expert at reckoning and talking the difference languages of their own country and those of the Europeans; come down ... its history of slavery and colonial rule, its ethnic mix, and its fiercely independent spirit, Jamaica is a microcosm of the multicultural energies from which nation-states of the post-colonial Caribbean were born. And as...

• Word Count: 3725
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography

... should cease because of the increasing rates of mortality of the crew. A trip from Africa to Brazil took a month and two months from the coast of West Africa to the Caribbean and North America. Slaves were carried in the most confined arrangement that slave ships were referred to as "tight packers" and "loose packers" depending upon the size of the boat ... . It is not known exactly how many Africans died at sea during the Middle Passage while estimations vary from 25 to 50 million. By the 1700s, most Africans were shipped directly from the west coast of Africa to America, due to ... ...

• Word Count: 2584
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School