... . This is very effective because it makes the reader far more interested. Both writers base some of the thoughts and feelings of the child characters Davy and Paddy, by looking back at their own lives. A good example is where Roddy Doyle has looked back at his own childhood in the extract The Gang. It is a chapter in which Paddy and his friends are in a gang. It is quite a cruel gang ... because it involves being beaten with a poker if they don't say a word that is considered bad enough by the leader. The person who says the worst word then adopts the word as his name. For example from h...

• Word Count: 2123
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... they have filled it with phoniness. Holden is "forced", because he does not understand the adult world, to invent a fantasy that adulthood is a world of superficiality and hypocrisy. He uses the concept of "phoniness" to describe the superficiality, hypocrisy, and pretension of the adulthood. Chapter 22 is the most relevant that every adult is inevitably "phony" and that they can not see their ... own phoniness: "it was full of phonies" and "even the couple of nice teachers on the faculty, they were phonies, too"( Salinger,151). ... inevitable, Holden learns to deal with it and accepts...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School