... necessary to achieve the purpose of the work. Refinement- keeping pain, suffering or other harm as low as possible. The harm-benefit analysis (5) states animal-based scientists as well as ethics committees must: 1. Make sure that any harm caused is as low as it can be. 2. Make sure that the expected benefits of the work are achievable and are as great ... this there are always alternatives, especially if the research is being done for purely superficial reasons. The best alternatives to animal research today are computer programs. In the past few years, scientists have been able to furt...

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