... called Sputnik into an Earth orbit. This perceived technical superiority of the Soviets was the trigger that prompted the American government to research new uses for computer systems. In 1958, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created within the Department of Defense (DOD) to establish an American lead in science ... was no where to go but up. The network created between those first four sites would soon grow beyond its makers" expectations. By 1970 ARPANET hosts started using the first host-to-host protocol, called Network Control Protocol (NCP), and the first cross-coun...

• Word Count: 1672
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1970's, when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) had an interest in implementing a packet-switched network that would be able to communicate between different computer systems at research institutions. The Internet protocols policies are now documented in technical reports called Request For Comments (RFCs). The Internet Protocol is addressed in RFC ... bits are the network ID, and the remaining 24 bits are the host ID. The maximum number of networks is 27, and the maximum number of hosts is 224. The subnet mask, which is a 32-bit address mask used to indicate the bits ...

• Word Count: 1000
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... chatting and such. As Internet technologies improve, people started demanding more. They wanted to be able to enjoy video and music using their computer. People now prefer streaming videos than to download the whole content from the Internet for later viewing. However, with the current Internet traffic ... the word downloading very frequently even though it is quite different from the term streaming. Downloading means the process of transferring data from one computer to the other. Streaming on the other hand is technique for transferring data such that it can be processed as a steady a...

• Word Count: 3070
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... up in a network. They are then able to access information from thousands of other computers. The network acts like one large computer storing information in various places, rather than one physical place. Users of the Internet access this big network to get information or ... countries wanted control of the possibly powerful tool (Comer 36). In 1965, Thomas Merrill and Lawrence G. Roberts created the first wide-area computer. This experiment proved that computers could work together running programs and retrieving data as necessary on remote machines. In 1966 Roberts put together ... c...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... same layer. The top layer is called the application layer. This layer allows two application programs that use different servers to communicate with one another. The transport layer allows two hosts to communicate with one another, regardless of the difference in their design. An example would be a desktop PC communicating with a workstation. The internet layer uses directs packets from a source host ... to the destination host using a different router(s). A route is what is used to describe when a specific message travels between two hosts at the internet layer. Communication along a r...

• Word Count: 547
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... in a network), and the Internet, as we know it today, was conceived. By 1990, the organization of the Internet's success, the ARPAnet, was decommissioned, leaving a legacy of over 300,000 hosts which constituted the vast network-of-networks called the Internet. The Internet Protocol is the protocol used to transport data (Web pages, E-mail messages, etc.) over the Internet. When data ... known, had followed his initial instinct to turn down the job at ARPA (the Advanced Research Projects Agency), we might have missed out on a pretty big chunk of the personal computer revolution, too. Ex...

• Word Count: 397
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School