... justice free from all preconceptions" (ibid.). In 2004, Mitchell and Mckenzie conducted a formal meta-analysis of 85 different studies on race and sentencing. They concluded, after taking into account legally relevant variables such as defendant criminal history and offense seriousness, that Black and Hispanic defendants were generally sentenced more harshly than white defendants. While they ... by written request (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1996). Furthermore, in responding to public demand for harsher and more certain punishment, the United States Congress passed the 1984 Sentencing...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... pre sentence report is as follows: v A front sheet detailing the "basic factual information- on the offender, offence and relevant factual information. v An Offence analysis section. This section of the report will deal with the circumstances surrounding the offence and may provide information on issues such as the extent of the offender's culpability, any attempts at reparation to the victim ... by the offender, the level of premeditation in the offence and the offender's consciousness of the consequences of the crime. v An offender analysis section. This provides a picture of the offen...

• Word Count: 2567
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The objective of this commentary is to examine restorative justice principles and determine if these principles were justly and appropriately applied in the Clotworthy decision; moreover, determine whether the trial judgment or appeal judgment better addresses the concerns of the victim and of larger society. An analysis of New Zealand's application of restorative justice principles is useful in examining ... the validity of the restorative justice concept. There are striking similarities between Canadian and New Zealand criminal systems. They both face similar problems. It seems logi...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... most often the case, on what is "right." It is, however, negligent to simply focus on these issues when examining the proposal of Professor Butler. Instead criticism and analysis must be based upon what is best for the Black community in this country. From this perspective it becomes clear that although race-based jury nullification has many attractive features ... This phenomenon is only strengthened by the segregation which Butler reports. "In concentrating poverty, segregation acts simultaneously to concentrate anything that is correlated with poverty: crime, drug abuse, welfare depen...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate