... it will in most cases create a better outcome for their re-socialization than it would if the prisoner spent the majority of their sentence under negative, hardened rules and lifestyles. I don't actually know if removing the negativity from prisons is entirely possible. I do however it is worth a shot to give positive re-enforcement a fighting chance ... criminal mindsets rather than rehabilitate them. The use of alternative sentencing would be effective in seeing which offenders are recidivists before being exposed to prison. In 1936 a man(J.Wend) conducted a study based on 394 recidiv...

• Word Count: 3832
• Approx Pages: 15

... , both opponents, "consistently presented incomplete and misleading accounts of the evidence." (Markman, Stephen J. & Cassell, Paul G., "Protecting the Innocent: A Response to the Bedau-Radelet Study" 41, 1 Stanford Law Review, 11/88). The remaining 11 cases represent 0.14% of the 7,800 executions, which have taken place since 1900. And, there is, ... " category. Indeed, their claims of innocence, regarding the remaining 139 of those 350 cases, should be suspect, given this study's poor level of accuracy. Calling their work misleading hardly does this "academic" study justice. Had a high...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a racial bias in removing African Americans from juries in death penalty cases has occurred in 96 of North Carolina's 100 counties. Also, this study showed that prosecutors were more than twice as likely to remove qualified African Americans from a jury as members of any other race for more than ... Marcus Robinson's case, five witnesses testified on his behalf including both authors of the Michigan State University College of Law professors that conducted the MSU study on the Racial Justice Act. They used the research that they collected to help prove that prosecutors used racial biases...

• Word Count: 2866
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... significant, contributing factor to juvenile delinquency. Parents, who ignore inappropriate behavior, are negligent about consistently punishing all misbehaviors with pre-established punishments or who threaten punishment but don't follow through with it will raise children who are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior (Glueck & Glueck, 1950; Laub & Sampson, 1998; Wells and ... educate parents about contributing factors and warning signs. According to Lipsey, Wilson and Cothern (2000), there were several treatment modalities that demonstrated positive effects. This study observed...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... not be infringed. The founders obviously envisioned that the people would keep and use firearms to protect themselves and their country. Unfortunately many politicians don't see it that way. Yet, the Supreme Court has struck down firearm bans again and again. The 2008 Supreme Court case, District of ... couldn't instantly produce a registered firearm, then they would be shot right where they stood (Kopel 1). Florida State University criminologist Gary Kleck even conducted a study on the effects of gun registration on crime rates in 75 different cities. His findings: Gun registration does...

• Word Count: 2867
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... to construct any type of idea by simply putting it on the air. There is a saying that goes something like, "If black people don't want to go to jail, then they shouldn't commit crimes." It seems now to encompass all minorities however, not just blacks. The ... is that playing violent video games gives people, especially youths, the propensity to commit delinquent acts of violence. The study by Ferguson and Olson (2014) did an intensive study on the aggression and delinquency in videogames with youths already problematic symptoms and found that, "violent video games were ... 132). These re...

• Word Count: 2700
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... associated with masculinity. In regards to social upbringing, James (1995) argues that family environment and social education is crucial and that if children are born to violent parents but don't actually experience violence themselves, then they have the exact same chance to be violent themselves, as those children with non-violent parents. This insinuating that although some children may ... culture, which defined the concept that there was a violent association with masculinity and white working-class males (Nayak, 1999). Phillippe Bourgois' conducted a 2003 study of Puerto Rico mi...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... restricted weapons..." . The purpose of the 1977 leglislation was to reduce the availability of firearms, on the assumption that there is a "positive relationship between availability and use". In Robert J. Mundt's study, when compared with the United States, trends in Canada over the past ten years in various types of violent crime, suicide, and accidental death show no dramatic results, "and few ... suggestions of perceptible effects of the 1977 Canadian gun control legislation". The only positive effect , Mundt, found in the study was the decrease in the use of firearms in robbery wit...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... may be held responsible, though a corporation cannot be imprisoned. The most controversial issue in regard to the study of corporate crime revolves around the question of whether corporate crime is "really crime." Corporate officials, politicians, and many criminologists object to the ... public. The idea for the Pinto, as has been noted, was conceived by Mr. Iacocco [sic], the Executive Vice President of Ford. The feasibility study was conducted under the supervision of Mr. Robert Alexander, Vice President of Car Engineering. Ford's Product Planning Committee, whose members included Mr....

• Word Count: 3718
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... very nature most excite our emotions and that make it hard for us to deal with those causes rationally (Simon interview pgs 1-2)-. I just don't see in our world today, with all our available alternatives, that capital punishment is still necessary. Turow continues with, "The principal reason ... states. The Illinois moratorium began in 2000 while the Maryland moratorium was begun in May 2002. Despite a January, 2003 University of Maryland study finding a significant racial bias in the administration of the death penalty, newly elected Governor Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. ended the Maryland mor...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... is some sort of malfunction in the brain of serial killers, that somehow their primitive brain overrides the "higher" brain: reason and compassion take a backseat to lust, aggression, and appetite. A study by Pavlos Hatzitaskos and colleagues reports that a large portion of death-row inmates have had severe head injuries, and that approximately 70% of brain-injured patients develop aggressive tendencies. While ... killers mask of sanity lays bitter evil, he is so good at dissembling that it can be impossible to see the true monster beneath. When they are stalking a victim, psychopaths d...

• Word Count: 5789
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... gender bias is played upon to make girls' activities more interesting and spectacular, unpredictable, odd and quirky. These young people are those whom we don't expect to be uncivilised, threatening and undisciplined. In a similar vein, gendered headlines in relation to sex crimes, paedophile and murderous women have always ... 2010). It is important to consider both historical and recent examples of moral panics in order to understands its effects on society. In a case study on moral panics, three non-identical studies were analysed from several situations and after a certain amount of ...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... war is still being fought. Gangs and the violence associated with them are social problem that many of today's sociologists and theorists analyze, review and study. The continous debate among professionals is not over the actions of gang members themselves but the reasons that lead thousands of juveniles to the lifestyle ... with other people prevents them from engaging in deviant behavior. When you have so much time invested into trying to make a legitimate life, you really don't want to mess up by doing something that would consider you deviant. So the likelihood of you committing a d...

• Word Count: 2819
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... gun ownership. (3) A thorough review of 18 studies of the effects of gun availability among potential victims and criminals found that the overall effect on criminal violence was zero. (4) In one study, researchers found no significant differences in total robbery rates between cities where guns were widely available and cities where they were not; in cities with fewer firearms, armed robbers simply ... of survival. Substance abuse is also a cause of teenage violence. Alcohol and drugs can easily be obtained by teenagers. Ask any teenagers where you can get drugs, even if they don't use...

• Word Count: 5482
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... , whether they are criminals or minorities. Sheldon Eckland-Olson, the provost at the University of Texas-Austin and co-author of The Rope, The Chair, and the Needle, agrees: "We don't kill people unless we dehumanize them. We are more likely to use it in the South because we have a legacy of dehumanizing people through slavery. It's a former Confederacy phenomenon- (Bryce ... the convict's risk to society or send the offender to prison where the possibility of parole exists. In this case, many side with capital punishment because they lack an alternative. A study conducted by Marquart i...

• Word Count: 4933
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... higher than in traditional courts, cases were concluded quicker than in traditional courts and the rate of case disposition at arraignment was higher than in traditional courts (Casey 2005) "A case study of a Salt Lake County court, located in Salt Lake City, Utah, explored, in detail, professional stakeholders' perceptions of how a domestic violence court operates similarly and differently from the ... , Julie Galbo-Moyes, and Robin Jacobs, finds that problem-solving courts are able to reduce the overcrowded court dockets and are successful at introducing a more intensive judicial super...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... several key behavioral and childhood similarities among this sub-group of homicide perpetrators including: physical and psychological abuse, neglect, and violent fantasy creations. These conclusions tend to dominate the study of serial murder and its creation, often neglecting other possible contributions. This data brings up the question then of why only a handful of the many abused children become serial ... fretted over (Fox and Levin, 1999). Past studies have often looked at childhood and home environment to establish a corollary to their current behavior. Ressler, Burgess, Douglas,...

• Word Count: 5564
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to know one hundred percent that the criminal will serve their entire sentence, they should be executed. The example, which America is portraying to society, is that crime pays. In a study, 2,716 people were on death row in 1993 for murders in 1977 and only 38 of them would later receive this sentence. Also, the actual average time a murdered will spend ... is difficult to come to conclusion because people have different ideas on what is ethical. Yet, most members of society believe taking a life to be wrong, and that two wrongs don't make a right. Another reason that opponents believe ...

• Word Count: 2965
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... everyone, that is why there needs to be choices. Another necessary change within the juvenile justice system is that the system needs to acknowledge patterns among the juvenile offenders. In a study done by Potter and Jenson, they established that there is a possibility of "stable patterns among the mental health, substance use and delinquent behaviors" of offending youths (59). If a specific pattern ... (Frontline 13). Equally, they are more likely to receive longer sentences when an African-American commits the same crime along with having a similar criminal background to a white juve...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the theory that society engages in murder when executing the guilty, is invalid. They feel that execution of convicted offenders expresses the great value society places on innocent life. In a study done by the University of North Carolina, it showed to be on the low side of the deterrence factor of capital punishment. UNC found that eighteen murderers were deterred by ... each execution in the U.S. In 1966 a study was conducted that showed about a half of the populace supported the death penalty and half did not. Since the crime rate in the United States has increased, support for the ...

• Word Count: 3522
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... several reasons that individuals might accept a plea bargain including pressure from the prosecutor, indirect and direct pressure, and likelihood of conviction. For example, a study conducted by Bordens and Bassett was a quantitative assessment of circumstances in which people would take a plea bargain[Bor851]. In order to conduct their research they ... 67 males and 62 females who recently had felony charges in their record and agreed to accept a plea bargain. The participants in the study were between the ages of 19 and 48 and were mixed between employed and unemployed. Bordens and Ba...

• Word Count: 3937
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... tolerance policies and the use of alternative methods of ensuring school safety "beyond the scope of the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994" (Insley, 2001). A study published by the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing (2011) more specifically examined the unintended negative consequences of zero-tolerance policies in schools and explores an innovative alternative ... number of court referrals from schools. The author argues that this harsh response, to what he asserts to be normative adolescent behavior, is misinformed and counterproductive. This case study evaluates the Clayto...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... The conventional wisdom, of course, holds that such prohibition will reduce teen smoking. All fifty states prohibit cigarette sales to minors, but a study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine (Rigotti and others 1997) finds that such laws are rarely enforced. To determine whether stronger enforcement ... sible to determine whether the enforcement efforts or the general decline caused the outcome reported. The findings of the later, more careful study by Rigotti and others (1997) strongly suggest that the general decline of teen smoking occurring at the time of the earlier stud...

• Word Count: 3739
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... argue that there is no deterrent effect. However, there are a number of studies that indicate that the contrary is true. A study by W. Bailey of the period from 1967-68 showed a deterrent effect in twenty-seven states ("Justice For All" 5). A later study by him showed a deterrent effect in twenty-five states ("Justice For All" 5). During the moratorium on Capital punishment in the United ... year before the death penalty was reinstated in Texas ("Justice For All" 6). All of these studies indicate that implementation of the death penalty correlates with a drop in the homicide rate. A stu...

• Word Count: 4548
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey conducted by the ABS in 1994 found that assault was five times more prevalent amongst Indigenous Australians than non-Indigenous Australians (ABS 1995c). A study of the rates of victimisation of Indigenous Australians found that Aboriginal women were 10.7 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than non-Aboriginal women (Harding et al ... sexual contact, or the relationship around the acts, or if they accepted inducements used in a process of seduction (Hawkins & Briggs 1995, p. 18). Non-Reporting by Sexual Minorities According to a ...

• Word Count: 3415
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate