... their roots back to ancient times. The Vatican was well preceded by the synagogue. Throughout the Christian era and the Middle Ages, the Jews of Italy faced many restrictions and persecutions, with brief interludes of calm. The Renaissance, from approximately the early fifteenth to the mid-sixteenth century, offered some relief. The Counter-Reformation then shattered tolerance and introduced the phenomena of ... tone. Not surprisingly, although it may seem peculiar in retrospect, many of the Jews of Italy initially were philo-Fascists: Mussolini s movement, after all, was both patriotic...

• Word Count: 4666
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... which surround nations and nationalism, in particular, that how of nations and nationalism developed. Moreover, the German and Italian question raises key issues concerning the evolution of nationalism from its early existence as a political force until now. Through this evolution historians are able to learn about how politicians have used this concept of nationalism as a political tool, to achieve a certain aim ... the German nation as one defined by a common, language and culture. They wished to create a German nation on the lines of the one they believed to have existed during the m...

• Word Count: 3402
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate