... and their positions as officials and in the royal court occupied by men now considered gentile idolaters. Also, the Conversos faced a new kind of risk, because they were subject to ecclesiastical discipline, and could be condemned for heresy (Stalcup 107). Given the choices of "Baptism or death - the water of the steel", 750,000 - 1 millions Jews converted (Stewart 33). There is ... a harsh ordinance, the Sentencia-Estatuto, which professed to revive anti-Semitic laws, but to extend them to Conversos as well (Stalcup 106). Under this, Conversos could never hold civil or ecclesiastical o...

• Word Count: 2512
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

... Jewish doctrine, the matter of the hereafter is one that deferred to the matters of the here and now. This is understandable, especially in the tumultuous time in which the principality of the religion was developed. When one is fording obstacles constantly, one can barely rest to look upon the future. This is the attitude that they displayed, that Jews knew ... ...

• Word Count: 3357
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... strange, decisive years of his life meditating in the Carpathian Mountains in Moldovia, where he stayed to work until his "revelation" at age 36. Later on, he held numerous minor ecclesiastical posts at numerous synagogues; he was synagogue beadle, who acted as an usher and book distributor, synagogue cantor, the congregation's singer, and personal assistant to various rabbis, among other things ... ...

• Word Count: 2710
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... commentaries and interpretations of Torah, is studied. He did not like it, and often daydreamed; he was eventually considered a lost hope, and was expelled. Later on, he held numerous minor ecclesiastical posts at synagogues, where he was considered maniacal, due to zealous, incessant prayer, and ignorant, due to his near verbal stillness when not praying. He then, at age 36, decided ... ...

• Word Count: 996
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and burned alive; similar scenes occurred in Stuttgart, Ulm, Speyer, and Dresden. Two thousand Jews were massacred in Strausburg: in Mainz as many as 12,000" (Davies p. 412). It took "ecclesiastical and secular authorities combined to outlaw the movement" (Strayer and Munro p. 465). The plague reappeared continuously every so often throughout Europe until almost modern times. The initial Black Death prepared ... ...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... commentaries and interpretations of Torah, is studied. He did not like it, and often daydreamed; he was eventually considered a lost hope, and was expelled. Later on, he held numerous minor ecclesiastical posts at synagogues, where he was considered maniacal, due to zealous, incessant prayer, and ignorant, due to his near verbal stillness when not praying. He then, at age 36, decided ... ...

• Word Count: 1096
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate