... by V. S. Naipaul that: "nothing was created in the West Indies" (taken from The Middle Passage, 1963, p.28). We can also read Ralph Ellison's (Invisible Man, 1952) work. There are also various critical comments, for example Gilroy who speaks about Turner's painting of 1840 called Slaves Throwing Overboard the Death and Dying ... the "transmutation", which meant that the transportation of the bodies of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean transformed them into slaves and created a new kind of man: the African American. The second function of the slave ship was to build a new community after...

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• Grade Level: High School