1. Suffering
... the capacity for suffering and enjoying things is a prerequisite for having interests at all. As Holmes Rolston III argues, "Singer has himself proved blind to the still larger effort in environmental ethics to value life in all its ranges and levels, indeed to care for biosphere Earth . . . His victory is mainly for vertebrates, who form only 4 percent of living things ... include all systems of evolution, such as soil, plants and, land. Because of its emphasis on the prevention of animal suffering, some environmental philosophers criticize Singer as, at best, falling short of the app...
- Word Count: 1155
- Approx Pages: 5
- Grade Level: Undergraduate