... movie [that he has achieved redemption]; I think he is the same dumb lug at the end as he is at the beginning."5 Film critics and film scholars have either reluctantly acknowledged the fact that there might have been some change in Jake but that it couldn't be called redemption or ... boxing the ideal outlet. Although Scorsese has said many times that Raging Bull is not a film about boxing (which is also true of the best films of this genre), it is impossible not to see it as a boxing film. In his book Knockout: The Boxer and Boxing in American Cinema, Leger Grindon (who ... not only co...

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