... conductors of the Underground Railroad included James Fairfield (a white abolitionist who went into the Deep South and freed slaves by posing as a slave trader), Harriet Tubman (who became known as "Moses" in 1849 when she made nineteen trips to the South and helped free at least 300 slaves), and African American abolitionist John Parker of Ripley, Ohio (who ventured to Kentucky ... , and trenches. Underground operations often relied on secret codes to alert "passengers" when travel was safe. Some spiritual songs such as "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot," "Steal Away to Jesus," and "Go Down Mos...

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