... totality of contingent things (baseball games) which explains them, something which is itself necessary and therefore requires no explanation other than itself. This forms Leibniz's proof for the existence of God; a version of Aquinas's cosmological arguments. God, then, is the necessary being which constitutes the explanation of contingent being, why the universe is this way rather than any other. Not only is ... " On Leibniz's view, every Monad is like a clock, behaving spontaneously in the way that it does, independently of other Monads, but nevertheless tied into the others through t...

• Word Count: 1626
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... century, especially the discoveries of Galileo. These scientific advances gave rise to, "powerful new philosophical systems,"" producing a acute struggle between, "traditional, theologically sanctioned ideas about Man, God, and the universe and secular, mechanistic conceptions which stood independently of any theological sanction."" Seventeenth century Britain saw a very significant intellectual movement known as Deism. Deist belief involves a ... in India. Spinoza's theory can be classified as a version of "qualified Advaita Vednta,"" where everything that we ordinarily think of as exi...

• Word Count: 2438
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... '(Spinoza, 1951) and therefore the greater are to overpower the weaker in pursuit of self-preservation. This is man's sovereign right to the power of nature is the power of God, which has sovereign right over all things and it is a sovereign law to self-preserve. The only tool to do this given to man through nature is his ˜unaided impulses ... to help preserve the rest of mankind and therefore it is our duty as individuals to reprimand anyone who ˜declares himself to live by another rule than reason set by God' as he has declared war against mankind and you must, not unlike the view...

• Word Count: 2006
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , ghosts, etc, do not exist. Materialism has been atheistic. This is a consequence of its premises. The belief that immaterial things do not exist, lead to believe that there is no God. If they were to be referenced to, they would be described strictly in the terms of nature. Materialism is not an empirical philosophy. It rests on assumptions that are metascientific ... ...

• Word Count: 1640
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate