... Sovereignty's Fall and Rise A. The Loss of Central Authority during the Qing 清 Dynasty In 1949 the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reunited China. This event marked the recreation of China as a sovereign entity. Foreign concessions were ended, and, with the important exception of the Russians, British Hong Kong 香港 and Portuguese Macau 澳門, foreign influences were expelled. China had been fragmented for decades, a ... a regional basis, to experiment more freely than the heavily-layered Qing bureaucracy could tolerate at a central level. A few even had personal networks of contacts w...

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