... , e.g., an alkali metal. [CH]n + 3x/2 I 2 ! [CH]n x+ +xI3 - oxidative doping [CH] n + xNa ! [CH]n x- + xNa + reductive doping The doped polymer is thus a salt. However, it is not the counter ions, I3 - or Na+, but the charges on the polymer that are the mobile charge carriers (see Mechanism of polymer conductivity, below). By applying an electric field perpendicular to the film, the counter ions ... ...

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