In early part of the century, there were signs of growth in the academic legal community that recognized this need for change. ... As an example, in the mid-1960's, in Australia, a common-law country arguably very connected culturally and economically to New Zealand, the attitude about convicted persons and punishment as law professors Howard and Morris state was, "It has long been the view that it is punishment that really gives meaning to criminal law- The feeling was that the criminals should be accountable to the public and not merely the individual victims: [B]ut notionally al...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The federal parole guidelines, initially developed in the late 1960s, allowed parole hearing examiners to set the length of incarceration within a narrow range specified in a chart or grid) based on a) offense severity and b) the offender's past criminal record. ...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate