1. The Hypothesis of Chief Justice Marshall
Congress really did not want the courts to have too much power over local communities, so it determined that federal courts would serve primarily as appeals courts for cases already tried in state courts. In other words, a judge in a local community, appealed to a state court, and finally appealed to the federal courts only if necessary, would first hear most cases. ... They would be liable for hearing issues of greatest contention between the Federalists and anti-Federalists, such as large debts over five hundred dollars. ...
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- Grade Level: Undergraduate