1. Religious Orders And Communities.
... of the fugitive hermits established monastic communities in central and northern Italy. These remained independent of each other until 1244, when Pope Innocent IV consolidated them as one order; in 1256 Pope Alexander summoned them from their seclusion to take up an active life in the world. ... congregation of Augustinians in Germany numbered among its members Martin Luther, who later castigated the order. The dissolution of the monasteries in England by Henry VIII included all those belonging to the Austin Friars. After 1800 the Augustinians were suppressed entirely in France, Spain, a...
- Word Count: 2701
- Approx Pages: 11
- Grade Level: Undergraduate