... fit in. At age 12, Joan was put on estrogen to help her develop as a girl and further problems began to arise. At one point, Joan told the endocrinologist she had thought she was a boy since the second grade. Joan began refusing the estrogen treatments and binge eating to hide the breasts she was developing. She refused the surgery to give her a vagina ... and, at 14 refused to ever return to Johns Hopkins stating that she would kill herself if she ever had to go back ... with. The method of treatment starts with refraining from surgery unless it is medically necessary to correct a lif...

• Word Count: 4442
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography

... new practice known as intermediate circumcision has come to use in recent years. The term describes a variety of operations more severe than clitoridectomy and only slightly less damaging than infibulation. Intermediate circumcision was developed in countries where infibulation has been outlawed, like Sudan, or where the ... impact of infibulation on women's health has been criticized. Nevertheless, this category of operation is quite similar to infibulation and the effects and complications are more or less the same; for this reason, these procedures are not classified into a separate c...

• Word Count: 2699
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate