... such as Edward Kamau Brathwaite, George Lamming, Wilson Harris, Edouard Glissant, Derek Walcott. They contribute significantly to refute the claim by V. S. Naipaul that: "nothing was created in the West Indies" (taken from The Middle Passage, 1963, p.28). We can also read Ralph Ellison's (Invisible Man, 1952) work. There are also various critical comments, for example Gilroy who speaks about Turner's painting of 1840 called ... important functions: the first was the "transmutation", which meant that the transportation of the bodies of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean transformed them ...

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• Grade Level: High School