... certain memory abilities (Zelinski & Stewart 1998). Gender plays some role in cognitive abilities. At one time it was generally accepted that men performed better on spatial ability tests while women performed better on verbal tests; however it seems that differences in test scores have also changed over the years (Terry, 2009). Women are expected to be better at remembering certain types of ... intellectually gifted or intellectually challenged, this category has the potential for the biggest impact. Intellectual ability is roughly defined by an intelligent quotient, or IQ score. Those...

• Word Count: 1510
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Music's Effects on Cognitive Functioning Music has the capabilities of changing actions, thinking patterns, and responses in the body. With the capacity to reduce stress, enhance IQ, and alter physical bodily properties, music has become a focal point in modern psychological research. However, these studies offer contradicting conclusions, particularly in the realm of music ... on concentration in different academic categories. Negative Effects on Reading Comprehension Tasks Studies have exemplified that background music has an overall negative effect on concentration levels during readi...

• Word Count: 1849
• Approx Pages: 7