... relations in a large steel manufacturing plant. The New Deal era was able to fundamentally change the U.S. Supreme Court's Commerce Clause jurisprudence by expanding congressional power. NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. laid the groundwork for the "substantial effects" principle to govern federal power over intrastate activity. The Supreme Court held that Congress may regulate intrastate activities ... have such a close and substantial relationship to interstate commerce that their control is essential or appropriate to protect that commerce from burdens and obstructions." (Mason, 29...

• Word Count: 5600
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... between the second floor courtroom and his disabled client. Eventually, Mr. Lane's proceedings were held on the first floor of the county courthouse in facilities inaccessible to the public. Beverly Jones is employed as a court reporter in Tennessee. She too is handicapped, a paraplegic who, like George Lane, uses a wheelchair. Her disability was not accommodated by her employers which in ... operation of courthouses inaccessible to individuals with disabilities is in violation of Title II of said act. Lane is seeking 100,000 dollars in damages for humiliation and embarrassment. Beverly ...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10

... evidence derived from that violation be excluded. This is known as the Katz test, so named for the case of Katz v. U.S. in which evidence obtained through electronic surveillance of a public phone booth was excluded from the case as it interfered with the defendant's reasonable expectation of privacy. An interest in the property or a mere presence at the scene no longer provides ... indistinguishable more obscure, wiretaps, which are used to monitor telephone conversation, are distinguished from "bugs," which listen to a conversation within the confines of a dwelling or the like rather ...

• Word Count: 2672
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... How the Electoral College works . The Electoral College is currently (as of the 2000 election) made up of 538 electors. This number can and will change however, according to population changes in upcoming years, as determined using statistics from the United States Census Bureau. Each state is ... hold a run off election to determine the winner, and ultimately cast the electoral votes. Under the scenario that there is a tie in the number of electoral votes received by two candidates, the selection of the President would be handed over to the House of Representatives. The twelfth amendme...

• Word Count: 2825
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

... Ludwig von Mises, his student Nobel economist F.A. Hayek, and the brilliant philosopher author Ayn Rand waged war against the swelling arbitrary nature of the United States government. After a number of decades in the twentieth century Americans had witnessed the fall of our government into a cesspool of greed, corruptness and immorality. We saw it in everything from the suspected ... (9:2) Moreover, seventy percent of federal inmates are jailed for drug offenses. (9:8) Thus, ordinary law-abiding Americans--even for a minimal drug offense--are thrown into prison for an unjustly number ...

• Word Count: 7034
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Ludwig von Mises, his student Nobel economist F.A. Hayek, and the brilliant philosopher author Ayn Rand waged war against the swelling arbitrary nature of the United States government. After a number of decades in the twentieth century Americans had witnessed the fall of our government into a cesspool of greed, corruptness and immorality. We saw it in everything from the suspected ... (9:2) Moreover, seventy percent of federal inmates are jailed for drug offenses. (9:8) Thus, ordinary law-abiding Americans--even for a minimal drug offense--are thrown into prison for an unjustly number ...

• Word Count: 7038
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... children were kept in confinement upon various decrepit ships that took them from their native land (Simonsen, 1991, p. 11). According to Simonsen (1991), transportation for life was recommended for growing number of juvenile delinquents. However, imprisonment for children, while frowned upon by early social reformers, did exist, although the social reformers had a hand in changing some of the more deplorable conditions ... 's routine day in one of our modern youth prisons. "The refuge movement spread north to Boston and south to Baltimore and became the public-private merger solution to...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Members of the Electoral College, who are called electors, represent their states by casting votes for two candidates, with the person receiving the greatest number of votes becoming president and the second-place finisher, vice president. By the mid-19th century the votes of the Electoral College had only ... to win a majority of electoral votes, and therefore the presidency, without winning the nationwide popular vote since the candidate who wins the greatest number of popular votes in a state receives the entire electoral vote of that state. This has occurred three times in the histor...

• Word Count: 2945
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... even the American people. In 1991, one year's misuse of guns claimed as many lives as the Korean War. One and a half year's total death toll from guns equaled the number of dead in Vietnam. Nine years of deaths due to misuses of firearms equals the entire death toll for World War II (O"Donnel 771). Do people in the U.S. really understand ... usage of handguns in the U.S. The legislators figured out that the liberty of bearing arms wasn't for everyone. Gun Control Act of 1968 has very likely contributed to a lowering the number of deaths each year than the alternative of not having laws ...

• Word Count: 2579
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... authority. Since its ratification in 1788 there have been 27 amendments to the Constitution. The first 10 amendments, adopted in 1791 and known collectively as the Bill of Rights, established a number of individual liberties, including speech, religion, the press, and the rights of the criminally accused. Among other important amendments are the Thirteenth (1865), which abolished slavery; the Fourteenth (1868), which ... be overridden by a two-thirds vote of both houses. The House of Representatives is chosen by the direct vote of the electorate in single-member districts in each state....

• Word Count: 3105
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and Great Britain developing into problems that would cause a change of power to the colonists themselves. Under British rule colonists were required to feed and quarter British soldiers in large number without compensation or even necessarily respect from the receiving soldiers, which may have caused the soldiers to become tyrannical and oppressive to the colonists, murders (Boston Massacre) and crimes committed ... politics. In this era religious associations increased sharply, the anti-slavery movement began, and moving closer to the civil war trade unions based on crafts emerged in ...

• Word Count: 3055
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... decision has nearly abolished the mass infection and death in women due to the procedures of illegal abortion which was quickly on its way to becoming a national health crisis. The number of deaths per 100,000 legal abortion procedures declined five-fold between 1973 and present day. (Miller, 1993). The fight began in the early 1970's with two lawyers, Sarah Weddington ... ). The issue of abortion in political matters greatly increased in both state and national levels. State and federal courts were deeply involved in lawsuits related to the abortion issue. A great number of these cases ...

• Word Count: 3262
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... actually pointed their guns at the attacker. In all, seventy-two stories described how the attacker was stopped, without mentioning that the student heroes had guns. But almost the same number of stories (sixty-eight) provided precise details on the gun used in the attack. Larry Elder host of KABC radio in Los Angeles had a particularly disheartening discussion with a "readers" representative ... ...

• Word Count: 3029
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . A third section listing other specialized matters existed as well, but these matters required only the general amending method (Cairns 1991). The Accord took this latter list of specialized matters, added a number of other issues, and moved them to the first list of matters. As a result, all listed specialized matters (such as changes to the Senate and the creation of new provinces ... ...

• Word Count: 2748
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their side since the day the United States was founded. This one document was the culmination and success of the English Revolution, which lasted almost fifty years and cost a countless number of lives. The Bill of Rights was a definite success of all the attempts to secure the freedoms of the Englishman since the Magna Carta of 1215. The bill has since ... ...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... victims from owning firearms. David E. Newton shows that between the years of 1937 and 1963, gun ownership in the United States increased by 250 percent. In that same period, the number of homicides decreased by 35.7 percent. Although one pro-gun slogan states, if guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns, anti-gun groups have a different opinion. Handgun Control, on ... ...

• Word Count: 2786
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... " fundraising. For example, in 1992 it was estimated that there was an estimated $86 million worth of "soft money" connected to the entire presidential election. In the 1996 election that number tripled to an incredible $260 million estimated "soft money" connection to that political year. It should be obvious that "soft money" is a growing problem and dare I say threat to our ... ...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1938 case of Missouri v. Canada was a main start to this squabble. The denial of admission to a Negro student in the University of Missouri law school because there were not a sufficient number of applicants to set up a special school for Negroes alone was the main controversy here. This denial of the school, however, did not impress the Court in the final decision ... ...

• Word Count: 4341
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... working hard become a strong, successful, intellectual member of society. Perhaps this can be acknowledged of eighteenth century America also, due to the varied backgrounds of the population, and the vast number of religions practised at this time. But due to an increased sense of belonging within the increasing proportion of American born citizens, there was a common desire for unity in moral ... ...

• Word Count: 3113
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Graduate