... . The Justice Department pre-cleared the new plans. The Supreme Court delivered opinions in several cases involving racial gerrymandering challenges to state redistricting efforts following the 1990 census, including Shaw v. Reno, Miller v. Johnson, and Shaw v. Hunt. In several states, suits were filed in federal district court challenging the constitutionality of the new redistricting plans on the ground that they violated ... the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The first of the suits to reach the Supreme Court was Shaw v. Reno (1993); the suit was brought by a grou...

• Word Count: 1766
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the First Amendment. Writing the majority opinion in this case was Justice Clarence Thomas. He defended Congress's attempt to tone down the Communications Decency Act, which was declared unconstitutional in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union. While the CDA covered all aspects of the Internet including email, COPA applies only to material on the World Wide Web made "for commercial purposes."" Also ... cannot be limited to certain geographic locations. While Justice Thomas makes a stretch to compare this case with Hamling and Sable, he fails to turn to the more obvious precedent of Re...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the First Amendment. Writing the majority opinion in this case was Justice Clarence Thomas. He defended Congress's attempt to tone down the Communications Decency Act, which was declared unconstitutional in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union. While the CDA covered all aspects of the Internet including email, COPA applies only to material on the World Wide Web made "for commercial purposes."" Also ... cannot be limited to certain geographic locations. While Justice Thomas makes a stretch to compare this case with Hamling and Sable, he fails to turn to the more obvious precedent of Re...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in Printz v. U.S., the Court struck down the provision of the federal Brady Act, which required states to check the background of handgun buyers. In 2000, the Court's unanimous decision in Reno v. Condon approved a federal law that prevented states from selling databases of personal information (the Driver's Privacy Protection Act) on the grounds that this is proper federal regulation of interstate commerce ... ...

• Word Count: 1442
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... seeing obscene material and stop it from spreading around the internet. In previous attempts by the government to ban explicit material the effort was deemed unconstitutional. In 1997 ruled in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union that the Communications Decency Act was unconstitutional, declaring that "the Internet is entitled to the same broad free speech protections given to books, magazines, and casual ... ...

• Word Count: 1509
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School