... as mere property , with no distinction between the island of Guam and its inhabitants. In absorbing Guam as U.S. territory, the Federal government had not initially intended for the people of Guam to obtain U.S. citizenship. Despite that fact, the Guamanians, as they are now called (like Californians, New Yorkers, etc.), were granted a limited form of U.S. citizenship by Congress via the Organic Act ... same race, or by scattered bodies of native Indians." All the above factors mentioned undoubtedly led to the willingness of Guam's local government to pass "cultural preservation" legislat...

• Word Count: 2584
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... one of many hardships and fatalities. Ultimately, it was the women who kept their composure when faced with unpredictable obstacles. If, traveling with a family, women had to pack for their entire trip with enough food and supplies to get through the 4-6 month wagon travel. Women who traveled as singles desiring more independence, their freedom came at a price. Single western women, generally had a ... liberal and loosely governed than the East, allowing obtain a divorce if in an abusive or unhappy marriage. Although women had more independence, for the majority it was difficult for them ...

• Word Count: 2704
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a student or a teacher getting shot inside the school property has probably been reduced, which is positive. But the fact remains that outside of the school property the risk of being a victimized is growing every year. In order for these types of events not to occur legislators and other professionals are emphasizing precautionary actions of the gun owners and most of the time a ban ... today's technology, in the form of automatic guns and high impact ammunition, guns have become deadlier, which leaves a greater responsibility on the owners. Are people ready for that responsibility? A ...

• Word Count: 2579
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... contact between the leadership and the members of the House. Bills introduced by members in the House of Representatives are received by standing committees, which can amend, expedite, delay, or kill legislation. Each committee is chaired by a member of the majority party, who traditionally attained this position on the basis of seniority, though this practice has come under increasing challenge since ... legislative bill in the Commons can mean a cabinet's fall from power and the collective resignation of its members. Only rarely are individual ministers disavowed by their colleagues and...

• Word Count: 3105
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... include origination of revenue bills, and bringing of impeachment charges against federal officials. Because of its size, the House is more bound by rules. They have restricted time for debate, members are restricted to one major committee, and House Leaders have many formal powers. The Senate (Upper House) is based upon equal representation among the states. Two senators are elected from ... include the confirmation of judicial and executive branch appointments, and trials of impeachment. The rules of the Senate are less formal than those of the House. They have unlimited time for deba...

• Word Count: 4055
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... left three dead at the Appalachian Law School in Virginia. The event made international headlines from Australia to Nigeria and produced more calls for gun control. Yet in this age in which media and government officials clamor in favor of "gun-free school zones," one fact was missing from virtually all the news coverage: The attack was stopped by two students who had ... guns; rather they only ban citizens from legally defending themselves with guns. The more difficult the Anti-Gun crowd and the Government makes it for law-abiding citizens to get guns, the more power criminals who do h...

• Word Count: 3029
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... not protect it. It is rather interesting that the court ruled this way after the Fourteenth Amendment for a couple of reasons. First of all because Miller's interpretation of the amendment is not the same as it seems many hold today. Most today in fact do seem to interpret the Fourteenth Amendment as a signal of total incorporation of the Bill of Rights. Miller pointed ... to the Privileges and Immunities Clause as the basis, saying that is what separated the two types of citizenship in the Constitution ... , outlawing all handguns within the city limits owned by civilians. Otis McDonal...

• Word Count: 2594
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... echelons in business and finance, and the highest echelons in the schools, colleges, and media, are all claiming to be Americans. They are all claiming to be working for the betterment of America. They are all claiming to be working for the preservation of the Constitution. In fact, they are under the control of the Jesuits, the most implacable enemies of this Republic. With a patriotic and ... religious fazade, they are secretly leading America to a ruin. Secondly, a policy analyst must determine if the program is in fact pursuing the problem areas that the original policy was institut...

• Word Count: 3235
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... crimes being committed during this time in history, but this particular crime was one of the more famous cases. Another aspect of white collar crime happens to be in the realm of governmental or political crime. For this purpose, governmental crime can be categorized by crime where there is personal, financial and/or political gain which is sought after. It is in ... Democratic Challengers-and What They Expect in Return listed the now bankrupt company Enron as one of President Bush's biggest contributors. In fact, in the book it states, "Enron's employees and Political Action Committee ...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on their level of "honor". Jessie Allen makes another comparison between the two cases: In both this year's case and Patterson, plaintiffs argued that making it particularly hard for some voters to prove their eligibility violates the Pennsylvania Constitution's guarantee of "free and equal" elections. The trial judge in the voter ID case shot down that argument. In language quoted directly from ... measure of how much of a burden will be placed on those without the proper identification should not be the main issue at hand; instead, the focus should be on the fact that the laws make it...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Great Britain had passed a religious Act of Toleration, but this meant little for American colonies.4 In his Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson highlighted the fact that in 17th century Virginia, it was punishable for "parents to refuse to have their children baptized," and for various other offenses.5 Sheriffs imprisoned Baptists living within Virginia; Baptist ministers were not ... given permission to preach their own religion, and were prey to physical violence.6 Called "dissenters," these individuals were religiously ... . The Commonwealth of Virginia did not approve t...

• Word Count: 3342
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... driver's licenses, employment legislation, violence against women, and commerce. Whether the members of the U.S. Supreme Court follow the Marshall or Taney philosophy becomes very important due to the fact that the jurisdiction of the Tenth Amendment encompasses so many highly controversial topics. Therefore, the status of the Tenth Amendment is never a very stable position. The Tenth ... 99-1(Ponnuru). However, in Bowers v. Hardwick, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Georgia state law forbidding homosexual sodomy was constitutional due to the fact that the United States Constitutio...

• Word Count: 5600
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... United States government fits his criteria for an unjust government with its aggressive wars (the Mexican War) and the ownership of slaves. His belief of democracy is that it will never work due to the fact that a small group is chosen to represent a much larger group and ... the present Mexican War, the work of comparatively a few individuals using the standing government as their tool; for, in the outset, the people would not have consented to this measure- (Thoreau 110). He also protested slavery and the Mexican War by not paying poll taxes. ... for no particular item in the tax-bill...

• Word Count: 2858
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... perceived lack of support from the judicial system. For decades, police in Baltimore and throughout the country have believed their legitimate efforts are fruitless. They arrest a perpetrator with valid and qualified evidence only to see that criminal released due to a minor technicality, i.e., the officer could not prove the perpetrator was in fact wearing green socks rather than blue socks during ... evidence secured by law enforcement officers. A defendant may request application of the exclusionary rule only if the confession obtained affects their own, personal constitutional right...

• Word Count: 2672
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . It was in this suit that two citizens of South Carolina brought an action against the state of Georgia for the recovery of a debt and members from Georgia refused to appear for defense, leading the Court to declare that states were indeed suable, rendering a judgment for the citizens of South Carolina. The decisions made by the members of the Bench following this decision generated the ... Constitution, however the decision itself did not come with simplicity. State Courts began to argue that the Supreme Court did not have the power to issue an interpretation of its own. The problem wi...

• Word Count: 4341
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Senate, where they are opened and counted, and the President and Vice President are formally elected. There are no Constitutional or Federal Laws, which require electors to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote for that elector's particular state. However, many states have their own laws regarding so-called "faithless electors". In twenty-eight out of fifty states (including such large ... theoretically, in a very close campaign the winners Presidency could be held in question. As a matter of fact, the Electoral College has always provided us with a single election. Rather tha...

• Word Count: 2825
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

... basic scope of the protection remains the same. Any punishment that can be considered inhumane treatment or that violates the basic concept of a person's dignity may be found to be cruel and unusual. For example, in 1995, a federal court in Massachusetts found that inmates' constitutional rights were violated when they were held in a 150-year-old prison that was infested with vermin ... , and the passage of RFRA. By enacting RFRA, Congress took a substantial step forward in protecting individual religious freedoms (Palmer John W. Constitutional rights of prisoners.) Prisoners have a limi...

• Word Count: 3147
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... denaturalization is not any more "cruel and unusual" than the death penalty, and that there was no Eighth Amendment violation. One of the principal purposes to creating the Constitution was to "provide [a method] for the common defence" , collectively called "war power". Frankenfurter backed his claim that ruling with the majority threatened the balance of power because the aforementioned war ... consent verbally or in written form. Justice Marshall dissented in the decision, quoting Chief Justice Warren in Trop v. Dulles to explain. "[T]he expatriate has lost the right to have rights t...

• Word Count: 3202
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the American Civil Liberties Union (the "ACLU"). The ACLU believes that personal privacy and reproductive rights are among our most important constitutional liberties and they were the first national organization to argue for abortion rights before the Supreme Court. The ACLU has been the principal defender of those rights since the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973. Pro-life activists have targeted these ... fund that supports family planning and maternal health programs in more than 140 countries. In doing this, the Bush administration hopes to gain support from conservative supporters but...

• Word Count: 3262
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... advice of Louis Martin the president's principle black adviser, appointed Thurgood Marshall on The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. From 1961-1965 Thurgood managed to write 112 opinions on that court, none of which were overturned on appeal. In fact, the Supreme Court eventually adopted several of his dissenting opinions as majority opinions. Thurgood Marshall overwhelming popularity ... advice of Louis Martin the president's principle black adviser, appointed Thurgood Marshall on The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. From 1961-1965 Thurgood managed to write 112 ...

• Word Count: 10466
• Approx Pages: 42
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

...  After trail, both juveniles and adults can be placed in community treatment programs. Differences  The primary purpose of juvenile procedures is protection and rehabilitation. For adults, the goal is to punish the guilty.  Adults are arrested and convicted; juveniles are detained and adjudicated.  Age determines the jurisdiction of juvenile court. The nature of the ... be given the death penalty. According to Simonsen (1991), states that procedural rights are rights pertaining to statutory laws and are accorded to juveniles during the fact-finding process of a juvenile case. ...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 25,000 in 1998. The Libertarian party attributes this growth to the fact that "millions of Americans hold Libertarian beliefs." Moreover, nearly three out of four Americans had the "option of voting Libertarian on November 3 -- far more than for any other 'alternative' party." (18:1) Best-selling author of Why Americans Hate Politics and Washington Post reporter A.J. Dionne noted "The resurgence of libertarianism was ... at hand by propelling the defiant assault that we now know as the "War on Drugs." Now nearly twenty years later we are all but left with the following statistics to dec...

• Word Count: 7034
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... well as the Enlightenment's rationalism. A split slowly opened up between the moderate and radical revolutionaries. When Louis XVI is tried by the National Convention for high crimes and misdemeanors against the state for attempting to flee France and the vote to execute him was passed by a narrow margin, the split became a full fledged gap. This regicide marked the second stage of the French Revolution ... process of law. This particular provision helped protect the people of England from the tyranny of a vicious king. Or from getting lynched by a bloodthirsty mob looking to place the ...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 25,000 in 1998. The Libertarian party attributes this growth to the fact that "millions of Americans hold Libertarian beliefs." Moreover, nearly three out of four Americans had the "option of voting Libertarian on November 3 -- far more than for any other 'alternative' party." (18:1) Best-selling author of Why Americans Hate Politics and Washington Post reporter A.J. Dionne noted "The resurgence of libertarianism was ... at hand by propelling the defiant assault that we now know as the "War on Drugs." Now nearly twenty years later we are all but left with the following statistics to dec...

• Word Count: 7038
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Lane was denied participation in his own future court proceedings due to the county's refusal to accommodate his disability. He was not allowed access to the courtroom on his second visit to the courthouse for his hearing. After refusing to again crawl or be aided up stairs by court employees, Lane was arrested and jailed for failing to show in court before a judge. In his remaining court appearances ... 35.150(a), is based on the protections outlined in the 14th Amendment and is in fact a proportional exercise of Congress' Section 5 authority. The Circuit Court takes the precedent forme...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10