... advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence. Fuzzy CLIPS is an extension of the CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System) expert system shell from NASA. It was developed by the Integrated Reasoning Group of the Institute for Information Technology of the National Research Council of Canada and has been widely distributed for a number of years. It enhances CLIPS by providing a fuzzy ... is fully integrated with CLIPS facts and inference engine allowing one to represent and manipulate fuzzy facts and rules. Fuzzy CLIPS can deal with exact, fuzzy (or inexact), and combined re...

• Word Count: 1749
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

... lower section or the minimum of the upper section- (Bunn 222). This kind of property of continuity had before been applied to continuous magnitudes, like line segments and motions, as the system of points on the line. But the important difference here is that Dedekind applied this concept to numbers, making it solely arithmetical and not geometric, in that the operations on ... classicisists tended to think of mathematical concepts as abstract entities that existed independently of thought. Thus many mathematicians that held different philosophical views concerning math didn't want to f...

• Word Count: 2467
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in mathematics was the recognition that mathematics dealt with abstractions. This was attributed to the Pythagoreans. Numbers were separated completely from physical objects or pictures. The Egyptians had thought that a line was no more than a stretched rope or the edge of a field and that a rectangle was the boundary of a field. The Pythagreans regarded numbers as the ultimate parts of real material ... length of the hypotenuse and a and b are the lengths of the other two sides. You don't have to be a mathematician to see that this equation is correct, it requires simple reasoning. How...

• Word Count: 1269
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... prescription or a course outline. However, this meaning is changing and curriculum is now envisaged as including: 1. mathematical content (what mathematicians know), mathematical processes (what mathematicians do) mathematical thinking and logical reasoning, problem solving and modeling, communicating, making connections and using computational tools, contexts in which the topics are set, assessment strategies that are used, and appropriate teaching methods (Begg, 1995) These ... environment which in turn generates better mathematical understanding by the students. This gives an open op...

• Word Count: 2337
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School