Amongst these was the Hellenistic type, from which they received the philosophical heritage of Greek thinkers, like Pythagoras, Aristotle, Plato, who proposed that "reason and intellect are the highest tools and guiding principles in a human being's search for truth and salvation"[Ikh14]1, [Ent]1 Vital works of those philosophers were translated into Arabic that made them accessible to the Muslim world. ... On one hand, there were those who were thoroughly convinced of the translated literature and elevated its importance to exalted heights, like the Abbasid Caliph Al Mamun. ......

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• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

An example of this is shown in Crito, "...have been one of those natures who must be guided by reason, whatever the reason may be which upon reflection appears to me" Another rhetorical device he uses is juxtaposition, which is two things placed together with a contrasting effect. ... " In practice Platonic criticism is part of an extensive approach to literature, involving an examination of the moral, ethical, and historical effects of a work of art especially in his work in the Republic. ... One central question addressed in several of the dialogues concerns the exact nature ...

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People believed in science, philosophy, and society to bring them rational laws and standards of which to critically observe and evaluate the universe, and to guide them in their daily lives. ... Uncertainty was further driven home in the area of literature. ...

• Word Count: 1360
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Beginning with children's stories that; although they are false, teach the children values, literature shapes the moral system of the guarders. ... Next, Socrates assumes that it is the women, children, slaves, and 'free men' who make the lesser part of the city, whereas those people who are guided by reason, along with intelligence and right opinion are the better few. ...

• Word Count: 1801
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School