1. Central Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement
This quote, which was coined by the French intellectual Jean-Paul Sartre, was used by Malcolm X in a speech during the last year of his life. Violence was understood as a floating signifier: the fact that violence could be destructive and oppressive or productive and revolutionary signaled that its meaning lay in its context. Writers would come to play a key role in reshaping the meaning of violence "away from exploitation and towards transformation" (Borstelmann 2011: 108). Throughout most of his political life he propagated that all whites were devils, and by an inversion postulated that bl...
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- Grade Level: Undergraduate