... Mazzini, it was the new-guelph writers who provided the necessary intellectual stimulus for the first war of liberation. They tried to involve the pope historically by showing how the medieval papacy had fought the Germans. The advent of a liberal pope, Pius IX, created the hopes for a federation of the Italian states. In spite of his personal sympathy for the Lombard ... improve the quality and transportation of wine. The Sardinian Monarchy began to build irrigation canals, railways and above all the port facilities at Genoa. This spirit was a sign of the times and no peculiar to Piedm...

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• Approx Pages: 43
• Grade Level: Undergraduate