... of national unity based on Rome. When Sebastini, the new French Foreign Minister, announced in September that France would oppose any intervention by Austria outside her frontiers in Italy, revolutionary leaders decided to take the risk and in February 1831, revolt broke out in Bologna. The realization that Italian hopes depending upon the attitude of the French was perfectly sound and ... believed that there was more to be gained from Piedmont. Where Metternich failed was in preventing single campaigns against individual gradually developing into a larger scheme of renovations and when...

• Word Count: 10644
• Approx Pages: 43
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and non-German areas, made conflicts with foreign countries and with national minorities inevitable' in places like Posen, which had a large polish ethnic population. The German and Italian national movement had a similar problem in the revolutions of 1848, which revolved around controlling the provinces of Schleswig-Holstein and Lombardy-Venetia respectively. The former province was composed mainly of German's, but ... Habsburg's failed to do so. The lack of firm leadership of the Italian national movement during the war, is another factor which must not be ignored as the different Ita...

• Word Count: 3402
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate