1. Speculations on Law and Society in Modern China
... and transportation infrastructure, combined with the Chinese tradition of personal loyalty to leaders, made these able servants of the Qing a growing power in their own right. Many retained the loyalty and organization of their troops, solidifying their independent power centers. In other words, as the Dynasty defended itself, ... the Manchu hierarchy and the foreign powers to retain the Qing in power. The Qing, like any government, was ultimately concerned with its own survival, and the foreign powers needed a reliable government in Beijing so that there would be someone to conduct fore...
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