They were publicly shamed and disgraced in order to keep them in a state of inferiority in South African society. ... And, rebellion against the race laws was dealt with severely. ... And finally, music also served a tactical purpose in South African society. The songs of freedom used to display an artist's anger also mobilized a society in the direction of a collective social resistance. ... Also, James Mahhlope Phillips was arrested more than once for not only singing songs of rebellion, but also because he tried to organize strikes and protest through his music. ...

• Word Count: 3760
• Approx Pages: 15