... -season use of alcohol by high school athletes and also compared it to a similar study done w/ the same population in 1988. Overall, athletes are using alcohol less both in and off-season in the current study compared to 1988. Also they used less alcohol during their in-season than off-season. It was found that white athletes are 2.5 times more likely to use alcohol both ... suffered more adverse consequences from their substance abuse. Team leaders were found to be no more responsible in using alcohol compared to their teammates. In fact male captains drank more alcohol, binged more oft...

• Word Count: 1030
• Approx Pages: 4

... drives for individuality, separation, autonomy, and social acceptance (NCJRS, 2000). In an effort to understand the seriousness of juvenile substance abuse, one must look at the trends in alcohol and other drug use. The following summarizes recent trends in substance abuse among youth in the United States: Youth in the general population have reported steadily rising levels of alcohol and other drug use since ... 1992, but levels of use have not returned to the peak rates reported in the 1980's (Substance Abuse and Mental Health ... and result from dysfunctional families. Substance abus...

• Word Count: 872
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... impairment, and skull or brain malformations; and (3) a characteristic face with sort eye openings, a thin upper lip, an elongated flattened midface, and a groove in the of the upper lip" (United, 1). By 1992, FAS was diagnosed in four of every 10,000 births. Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) result when only a few of these symptoms are diagnosed. Between FAS and FAE over a third ... withdrawals such as "tremors, sleeping problems, inconsolable crying, and abnormal reflexes. The second leading cause of birth defects due to substance abuse is tobacco. While smoking in the general population is...

• Word Count: 1016
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School