In the first half of the 16th century, Western Europe experienced a wide range of social, artistic and geographically political changes that created conflict within the Holy Roman Empire. This conflict is called the Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that gave birth to Protestantism and Catholic reform throughout Europe. "It is fair to regard the Reformation ... of revolutionary forces in the 16th century, the Reformation had largely consistent results throughout Western Europe. In general, the power and wealth lost by the feudal nobility and the Roman Catholic hierarc...

• Word Count: 2755
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the 11th and 13th centuries in an effort to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims. Since 638 when the Muslims took Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire the Muslims posed a large threat to Europe. Over the centuries the Muslims took more land in North Africa, the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, ... on the Muslims. Many power hungry leaders set out on a "Crusade" to throw the Muslims out of the area once controlled by the Byzantine Empire. These leaders were looking to gain land power and gold from this military conquest. Both sides were determined to keep the holy land under their c...

• Word Count: 2748
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School