... of methadone maintenance for opiate-dependent pregnant inmates, inadequate education regarding child birth and parenting and inadequate preparation for mother's separation from the infant soon after delivery. (Acoca &Austin, 1996) In addition, some women interviewed for the 1996 NCCD study reported being shackled in full restraints at some point during their pregnancies. Pregnant women who are shackled ... medication to dry up their breast milk, which in some cases leads to painful breast engorgement, breast infections, and an increased sense of loss and depression. (Acoca & Austin, 199...

• Word Count: 1373
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... release date before the parole board will entertain a review of the offender possible parole(Sieh, 2006). Additionally, post-incarceration supervision may be part of the requirement in this type sentence(Austin, Jones, Kramer, & Renninger, 2004). Determinate sentencing was prompted initially by polar opposite political powers. On one side, there were people who believed the discrepancies of unrestricted judicial discretion caused sentencing ... disadvantaged in society. On the other side of argument were the so-called supporters of "get tough" on crime policies. This group believed crim...

• Word Count: 791
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , statistics illustrate that minors need a wake-up call to begin curbing the crimes committed by minors. "Youngsters need a serious disciplinary jolt before they can understand the bigger picture" responds James Austin, a member of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency. A report rendered by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency shows that a recent poll indicates that two-thirds of the people ... believed that if more minors were tried as adults, then the message would get across to juveniles not to commit crimes (Austin 25). There remains no justification for age to be a ...

• Word Count: 1520
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , statistics illustrate that minors need a wake-up call to begin curbing the crimes committed by minors. "Youngsters need a serious disciplinary jolt before they can understand the bigger picture" responds James Austin, a member of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency. A report rendered by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency shows that a recent poll indicates that two-thirds of the people ... believed that if more minors were tried as adults, then the message would get across to juveniles not to commit crimes (Austin 25). There remains no justification for age to be a ...

• Word Count: 1458
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... said that "the purpose of this law is simple: Offenders convicted repeatedly of serious offenses should be removed from society for long periods of time, in many cases for life" (Austin). Even many of the lower-level offenders sentenced to twenty-five years to life terms for third-strike offenses such as possession of drugs or petty theft show records with ... ...

• Word Count: 705
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate