... only be drug tested once in one season. If you name is pulled you a taken in to the restroom with a teacher/coach of the same sex, and asked to urinate in a cup. The teacher stand about 15 feet away, then listens for any noise that sounds like tampering. If the student passes the ... drug test, no questions are asked they go about their day, if a student fails they are asked to take another one. If the student fails the second drug test, parents are notified, and actions are taken. Actions that are taken are things ... like a student can still play sports, but they have to go to drug co...

• Word Count: 712
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... body in the back seat. Dropped you off in Toad Creek and made it look like a rape and murder." (Blazelon) The test of obscenity was established in Roth v. United States, a landmark case that redefined the Constitutional test for determining what constitutes obscene material unprotected by the First Amendment. Obscenity was thus defined in the following terms: "[W]hether to the ... this definition, as elaborated in subsequent cases, three elements must conjoin: it must be established that (a) the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to a prurient interest in sex; (b) th...

• Word Count: 1125
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

... is not protected by the First Amendment (Klotter 52). In order for communication to be labeled as obscene it must fall under all three aspects of the Miller Test (Klotter 53). The Miller Test was established in the court case Miller v. California, which stated that a literary work must (1) appeal to the average person's prurient interest (2) describe or depict hard-core sexual conduct ... Amendment and include telephone harassment even though the treats are incapable of being carried out at the time of issuance (Klotter 57). Although hate speech expresses contempt against races, religio...

• Word Count: 934
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 1957, the Supreme Court declared that obscenity has never been constitutionally protected speech (1). In another court case cited by Hacker, the 1973 Miller vs. California case established a three-point test for judging illegal obscenity. It said that the average person, applying adult community standards, must find that the work in question: Appeals to a lewd, abnormal, or degrading interest in ... nudity, sex, or excretion Depicts or describes sexual or excretory acts in an obviously offensive way Lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value Hacker defines illegal ...

• Word Count: 816
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is not protected by the First Amendment (Klotter 52). In order for communication to be labeled as obscene it must fall under all three aspects of the Miller Test (Klotter 53). The Miller Test was established in the court case Miller v. California, which stated that a literary work must (1) appeal to the average person's prurient interest (2) describe or depict hard-core sexual conduct ... Amendment and include telephone harassment even though the treats are incapable of being carried out at the time of issuance (Klotter 57). Although hate speech expresses contempt against races, religio...

• Word Count: 827
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... student (Gratz) with an outstanding record applied for graduate school at the University of Michigan and was turned down. Further investigation showed that many ethnic students with lower GPAs and test scores than Gratz were excepted into the program. Gratz then filled a lawsuit against the University of Michigan. The University's primary argument in this case was racial integration. Yet when the ... opponent to our civil rights. In fact I am writing with a humanistic zeal. I believe it to be unjust to divest any man of his constitutional rights, regardless of race, creed, or sex. Affir...

• Word Count: 1089
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate