... of the European Monetary System (EMS) in 1979 helped to stabilise exchange rates and encouraged the Community member states to employ strict policies that allowed them to maintain their mutual solidarity and to discipline their economies. Greece joined the Communities in 1981 and was followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986. This made it all the more imperative to introduce structural ... , including Europe. In doing do, it creates new challenges that transcend national frontiers. Nations acting individually cannot effectively tackle issues like sustainable development, population trends o...

• Word Count: 2058
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... both strengthened and weakened the health of the Trans-Atlantic relationship. European Union security and defense policies, in particular, have created some major implications for the future of this relationship. Solidarity in European action, since the September 11 terrorist attacks, is lacking; however, the EU and the United States have continued to work together so they can both benefit. Will this ... ...

• Word Count: 1255
• Approx Pages: 5

... or her sovereign state's ideology. For examle, as Baylis states, "as a result of transborder networks, many people have acquireed loyalties that supplement and in some cases override feelings of national solidarity that previously lent legitimacy to state sovereignty. With the help of global conferences, global telecommunications, and so on, significiant territorial bonds have been cemented in women's movements, among transnational managerial ... ...

• Word Count: 1850
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate