1. Durkheim's Idea of External Constraints
... . Religion can therefore be considered to be a social fact. Elwell (2003) defined social facts as behavioral patterns that are capable of exercising controlling power over people. They serve as the guides and controls of conduct and are external to the individual in the form of mores, folkways, and norms. Through education and socialization, the rules become internalized in the person's consciousness ... . The constraints and guides therefore become the moral obligations to obeying the rules of society (Elwell, 2003).Durkheim, in his study on the sociology of religion, viewed religion as ...
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