... doubt whether our teaching of listening comprehension is successful? When answering the question of other problems, the students express many different ideas such as the psychological element, the motivation and interest, the pronunciation and etc. Enlightenment and learning-strategy training in listening comprehension classes Take the greatest advantage of the positive transfer of the native language and minimize the negative transfer. The students attitude toward native language is quite contradictory. Without ... the help of native language, they cannot catch the meaning of the liste...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... their respective followers reached nirvana. In early Mahayana Buddhism as soon as someone reached nirvana and became a Buddha, his goal was to help others reach enlightenment as well. The bodhisattva's main concern was to spread and teach others how to reach nirvana. Mahayana Buddhism was a "doctrinal diverse" (Williams, 2) religion in which each bodhisattva taught in a different way ... answer, his job as a Zen master and practitioner of Chan would not coincide with the "experience beyond words" because it is not his place to give an identity to the naturalistic world, especially enli...

• Word Count: 1302
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , there are several principles one must abide by if he wishes to achieve enlightenment. Buddha's Four Noble Truths are his main teachings. "In his first sermon to the five ascetics in the Deer Park, near Varansai, the Buddha spoke of the Four Noble Truths" (The Four Noble Truths). The first of his truths is the Truth of Suffering. Buddha teaches that within life there can be both mental ... , those who follow this Middle Path and avoid indulgence and torture of both mind and body will also seek the Enlightenment. "This middle way he further explains, consists of eight limbs. Two are relat...

• Word Count: 2203
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... school, a short-lived affair, insisted on a doctrine of gradual enlightenment. The southern school, which became the more dominant of the two, held to a doctrine of instantaneous enlightenment. The southern school evolved under the powerful influence of Hui-neng (638-713), who is recognized as the sixth great patriarch of Ch"an and the founder of its modern interpretation. In fact, the forms of Ch"an and Zen still practiced today ... century, Zen priests were diplomats and administrators, and they enhanced cultural life as well. Under their influence literature, art, the cult of the tea...

• Word Count: 1910
• Approx Pages: 8

... as your savior to be saved and to achieve enlightenment. For Christians to have a relationship like that of the concept of Jen, a person must be a part of a church or commune with Jesus through prayer. The heart of Christianity is the faith in Jesus Christ and God and the beliefs taught through the Bible. Where western thought separates the mind, body and soul, Confucius holds that these things ... must be recognized to achieve enlightenment. Confucius also holds that we are made up of mind, body and soul. It ... Confucius," New York: P.f. Collier & Son Company, 1909-14 New York: Bartl...

• Word Count: 1286
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... leave Chinas history. Terrill constantly refers to the duplicity that controlled Mao's personality, the monkey and tiger, Terrill calls it. Resembling a yin and yang that is deeply embedded in Chinese thought. This balance which is professed in one of his maxims " walk on two legs ," born enlightenment through the gun. Terrill aims to the mark of China's political instability and fractured ... regional warlord regimes that controlled them, as the springboard that Mao needed to complete the recipe for revolution. During 1911 Sun Yat-sen was the leader of the Chinese nationalist party and...

• Word Count: 1967
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... a mode of living than an actual theology, Taoism asks that each person focuses on the world around them in order to understand the inner harmonies of the universe. It is a kind of religious system heavily focused on meditation and contemplation. The Tao surrounds everyone and one must listen to find enlightenment. Taoism is a religio-philosophical tradition that has, along with Confucianism, has shaped Chinese ... as good and evil, light and dark, male and female. Intervention by human civilization upsets the balances of Yin and Yang. The symbol of Taoism, seen at the top of this page, r...

• Word Count: 2269
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... series of artificial waterways that reached a vast majority throughout China. It extended almost 2,000 kilometers and was forty paces wide, with roads running parallel to the waterway on either side. The grand canal integrated the economies of northern and southern china, thereby establishing an economic foundation for political and cultural unity. (pg 377). Tang Rulers maintained an extensive communications based on ... faith, one known as Ch'an Buddhism.Chan buddhism had little interest in written texts but, emphasized intuition and sudden flashes of insight in their search for spirit...

• Word Count: 1459
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... different things. They looked at other cultures from a different perspective under Confucian influence. By no means did Confucius change the culture of the Chinese the way Fukuzawa Yukichi changed the culture of the Japanese, but we can still give him credit for challenging the Chinese people to be more versatile. (Yukichi) Religion I noticed in my notebook that when we discussed Chinese religion, ... . He didn't say one was better than the other. Confucius supported all religions. (Cotterell) The main two, Buddhism and Daoism, were what a vast majority of Chinese belonged to at the tim...

• Word Count: 1288
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... it gave people who were unhappy with the family or role they were born into to leave it all behind and devote their lives entirely to becoming a monk. Women turned to Buddhism as readily as men did for the reason that it was the first belief that treated them as equals and encouraged them to pursue religious enlightenment. This same Buddhist idea of treating ... everyone as equals was the driving force the non-Chinese rulers used to break through the ethnic barrier. When I previously stated that the success of Buddhism was contributed to its perfect timing ... among cultures this is wh...

• Word Count: 1286
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in their own rites, others sought to control sexuality, either by suppressing it or by severely limiting its expression. Most of the dominant religions in the world today are preaching the suppression of the sexual urge or the channeling of that urge into socially acceptable forms. For example, Roman Catholics used to be very sexually explicit and open people ... the immortality of the soul"(CEE, 1). In India, the Tantric tradition, overseen by the god Shiva and his partner Kali/Parvati, continued for hundreds (possibly thousands) of years before being incorporated into Buddhism. But, wha...

• Word Count: 1629
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

... tantric texts. These tantric texts and commentaries deal mainly with Ultimate Reality as singular Unity, and the sexual union of world (male) and cosmos (female). Two of the most popular one are the Great Stages of Enlightenment, which explains ethical behavior and how to control the mind; and the Tibetan Book of the Dead, which deals with stages of dying, death, and rebirth. Buddha was ... the leader for this new religion. Buddha believed in throwing away the Vedas, the practice of sacrifice, and the caste system which were all very ... prominent I the religion of Hinduism which preced...

• Word Count: 1277
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... betters as betters, Wears an air of respect, Who in serving father and mother Knows how to put in his whole strength, Who in the service of his prince will Lay down his life Who in intercourse with friend is True to his word. Society, according to Confucius, was ... each other. Xunzi believed that humans could be improved through strong laws and education, but he had little sympathy with the view that the people were the ultimate source of political power. The ideals of both thinkers and those of Confucius continued to influence intellectual discourse in China for millennia. Daoists Laoz...

• Word Count: 1457
• Approx Pages: 6

... of Buddhism were changed by Chinese as it developed in their region. Instead of using the buddhism created in India, China used Mahayana Buddhism, to look inward and not to look outwards is the only way to achieve enlightenment. Mahayana Buddhism contained the belief in repetitive prayers, heaven and bodhisattvas which help people gain salvation. However, China still had major problems that could not ... be solved through Buddhism. A major problem in the China was the Mongolian invasions. According to "The Qing Dynasty", "Natural disasters, famine and economic ... ...

• Word Count: 1925
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School