... that has been used continuously since the beginning of the Middle Ages until now. It consists entirely of vocal melodies without harmony. During the Middle Ages, nonreligious music was mostly learned by ear and not by script for the composers and performers of music were mostly illiterate minstrels. Minstrels made their living by chanting long poems about heroic deeds, such as "Song of Roland", and playing dance music on harps ... , bagpipes, bowed stringed instruments, and recorders. Minstrels also entertained with acrobatic stunts and magic tricks. After the 11th century, many minstrel...

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• Grade Level: High School