... quot;The Feral Sex: The terrifying rise of violent girl gangs' (Bracchi, 2008), and in May and June of 2009 Tom Whitehead writing in the Daily telegraph drew our attention to teenage girls and the growth of the 'ladette' culture in a series of articles; 'Rise of ladette ... such they are sustained by many collective behaviour processes: rumour, gossip, collective delusion, mass hysteria, the conveyance of contemporary, or urban legends and some of the dynamics that sustain behaviour during a disaster. The field of collective behaviour emphasizes the shifting, volatile, dynamic quality of ...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... describes a number of cases involving the poor application of zero tolerance policies on behalf of school staff and police. In 1998 a case in Colorado involving a ten-year-old student named Shanon Borchardt Coslett stirred debate and has since been frequently cited as an example of the improper implementation of zero-tolerance policies. Shanon, a well-behaved honor roll ... suspended for wearing a small key chain that contained a one-inch plastic replica of a gun. School officials emphasized "the importance of safety," in justifying the suspension and cited the schools gun policy statin...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... executing an innocent person. The statistics and system show that the risk is small, but there are still moral issues that remain. There are two main arguments made by Tom Sorrel and Thomas W. Satre that I will show to be inconclusive and inadequate in showing that the risk of ... executing the innocent is not a good enough reason to abolish capital punishment. Tom Sorrel does not directly address the risk of ... condition he states is that the death penalty can only be applied by a just state. A just state is one who gives freedom and equality, and applies appropriate punishments for ...

• Word Count: 2800
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 3 'super prisons' each holding 2,500 offenders. This would take prison population to 96,000 by 2014 (http://www.howardleague.org). In 1993, Home Secretary Michael Howard produced his famous 'Prison works' speech and this had an immediate impact on sentencing. Statistics show that in 1992 there were more than 20,000 suspended sentences handed out by the courts ... 'law- abiding citizens' (Muncie & Wilson, 2004). This results in the focus being on the individual rather than the offense. However, there is question as to whether this works as it tries to change personalities and habits so t...

• Word Count: 3653
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography

... own opinions on the subject. Crime is usually defined simply as a violation of the criminal law. Deviance is a much wider and vaguer concept than crime and is therefore more difficult to define. Deviance exists in relation to what is considered `normal` in a society. Crime & deviance ... overlapping in categories because criminal acts are often viewed as deviant acts. (Wincup E 1999) Social problems are prominently political problems. They are identified and shaped in an ongoing political process. What is regarded as a problem by one group may not be perceived in this way by another gro...

• Word Count: 2617
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... History of the Juvenile Justice System ." ..4-5 III. The Juvenile Justice Process ."..6-7 IV. Similarities Between Juvenile Process and Adult Process ..."7-8 V. Juvenile's Legal Rights ." .8-9 VI. Juvenile Probation .10-11 VII. Juvenile Institutions ."..11 VIII. Statistics ..12 IX. Conclusion ..13 X. Work Cited .14 Introduction Juvenile Justice can have two possible meanings. One, it can be referred to as the standard way ... meaning a justice system pertaining to juveniles and the other, a tad sarcastic, the so-called justice, applies to juveniles that might be seen as ... of juvenil...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the drug, then they are most likely committing a crime to support their habit. According to Reiman (p.39,2001) "the result is a recipe for a large-scale and continued robbery and burgarly, which would not exist if the drug were available legally". Reiman argues that we continue to ... that is 13% higher than the rate for violent offenders (ww.hr.95., 2001). As stated earlier, it seems that the prison and correctional systems are very disproportionate when incarcerating offenders, especially drug offenders. The impact of incarceration as a weapon in the war against drugs has ... controlli...

• Word Count: 4763
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography

... have determined would be consideration of a person associated with organized crime. They must have been directly or indirectly involved in a gang-motivated crime and be a reliable source of information attesting to gang affiliation. They must have directly observed association with other gang members, individual acknowledgement of gang ... is around them Another approach is having a larger police presence in hot spot areas where many crimes happen. With an added police presence, it works as a deterrent for those who are thinking of committing a crime. If there were more police around it ...

• Word Count: 3749
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography

... justice Harry Blackmun declared in 1994: "When we execute a capital defendant in this country, we rely on the belief that the individual was guilty, and was convicted and sentenced after a fair trial, to justify the imposition of state-sponsored killing. . . . My 24 years of overseeing the imposition of the death ... reflects the fact that people with this impairment who break the law are more likely to be caught, more likely to confess and be convicted, and less likely to be paroled. It may also be that some of the people with mental retardation who are serving prison sentences are ... ...

• Word Count: 5114
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , or liquor law violations, [along with] more than [nine] times likely to be arrested and booked on assault charge[s]" (ONDCP 2000). Where punishment often fails, appropriate and high-quality drug treatment often works. A study conducted for the White House's Office of National Drug Control Policy, for example, found ... Union (with roughly 100 million more people) incarcerates for all criminal offenses combined. The vast majority of these offenders are in state and local jails and prisons, where they now account for almost one-fourth of the total population behind bars. Additionally, ten...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... The Second Amendment states: "A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." Most gun control activists focus in isolation on the beginning of the amendment where the founders wrote that ... Heller, for example, shot down a handgun ban in Washington D.C. In that case, the Court determined that individuals have the right to purchase and own handguns for sport and self-defense purposes. Later, in McDonald vs. Chicago, the Court applied this ruling to the rest of the country (Smith 6). Handguns ...

• Word Count: 2867
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... their either violent or neutral video game, they were unknowingly measured on the amount of hot chili sauce they added to their food (Hollingdale and Greitemeyer). The idea of the study, which tested if creating a personalized avatar affected violent behaviors, showed that an increased amount of sauce ... sauce administered was considerably increased" (p. 1866). Even when controlling for other variables, the results stayed consistent. We have seen again and again studies that show there is an increase of aggression correlated with violence in video games, but more importantly we see the l...

• Word Count: 2700
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... within an organization. Additionally, explanations for police corruption may be "personalistic ", institutional, or systemic. The personalistic explanation describes corruption as a result of rotten apples where personal values and beliefs determine the performance of an officer. This can be prevented by a proper recruitment process to ensure corrupt individuals are prevented from entering the police force. The factors that ... viewpoint looks at the pressure placed on the police by society that provokes corruption. The root of this issue can be found in the interaction between the poli...

• Word Count: 2665
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... two major factors discussed in the article that negatively impact an individual's relationship with their family. Police officers were studied because, their jobs ranked as one of the most stressful and exhausting professions. When an officer is emotionally affected by a bad situation the officer's mood often is carried home to family members. Physical exhaustion is another factor that plagues police ... criminals because, they do not meet a prejudged racial profile. A critical incident as defined in lecture as a life threatening situation where an officer must quickly asses the risk for...

• Word Count: 3727
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... used to explain the motivations of the individual who does not come from an economically disadvantaged background yet still becomes involved with the lucrative drug trade. Although hereditary physical and psychological traits are generally ruled out as independent causes of crime, psychological states are believed to determine an individual's reaction to his environment. The arguable value of ... tertiary prevention refers "to strategies that are intended to prevent the recurrence of crimes-. A good example of tertiary prevention includes victim-offender mediation, rehab centers for mari...

• Word Count: 2766
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... caught, then a crime will most likely be committed especially if the deviant in question has been exposed to a lot of criminal activity. Relying on Cloward and Ohlin's Opportunity Theory, one can make a reasonable guess as to whether a prospective criminal will in fact commit a crime. Take Vincent Swaggi, another ... me."[pg. 37] Clearly, having a criminally prone father figure in his life had a large effect on Sam, and this is clearly backed by the Differential Association Theory. However, Sam's uncle is not the only one to blame for his behavior. He had many other experiences in devian...

• Word Count: 4192
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... Canadian homicide rate"(249). According to Sproule and Kennett, "Canada's favourable situation regarding murder relative to the United States is to a large measure the result of Canadian gun control, and Canadians must be vigilant against any erosion of our gun control provisions" (250). B) Comparison: The works cited above are based on research done by experts and scholars in the field of gun control ... and violence. Examining the above materials can identify similarities and differences found in the various cited sources, such arguments for and against gun control policy in North Ame...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... are, what one would, consider under-privileged, or poor. In 1989 37.7 million working American, accounting for 39 percent of the total of income tax returns, received had incomes below $15,000. Instead of putting money into childcare, low-income housing, employment training and food subsidies, the Regan administration put enormous amounts of funding towards the building of new prisons, at an ... . Millard states that the death penalty is like a lottery, one to two percent of the thousands who commit homicide get sentenced to death and of these one to two percent only a small fraction are...

• Word Count: 2921
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... the same time protecting individual rights (Berman 2001). In this approach, the court works closely with prosecutors, public defenders, probation officers, social workers, and other justice system partners to develop a strategy that will pressure an offender into completing a treatment program and abstaining from repeating the behaviors that brought them to court (Minnesota Judicial Branch 2012). ... of those defendants that have the willingness to participate in changing their behavior (McCaffrey 2012).The judges presiding in these specialized courts address similar cases day in and day...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... exists "no pattern matching any psychiatric diagnosis category with criminal violent behavior- (Steadman, 1987). It must be emphasized that there exists no general or specific relationship between violent crime and mental disorders. In most issues involving the prediction of criminal violence, mental illness remains rather irrelevant. Child socialization, or the way in which a child is raised (including home ... only by themselves, develop imaginary friends instead of playing with real ones and talk to themselves more. By controlling their actions in this way, messages of power loss and...

• Word Count: 5564
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with children for complex reasons. The other is a preferential child molester that will often have a large library of child pornography pictures and videos (Miethe and McCorkle, 2001). The members of the "W0nderland Club" would most readily fit into the second category. The psychological school of criminology ... criminal activity to stop. The psychological school focuses of the mind and what in it causes the criminal acts. Psychoanalytical theory is part of the psychological school of criminology that is based off of the works of Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytical theorist believe that our...

• Word Count: 4508
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... not understand is that they are not alone in dealing with the consequences for the poor decisions they make. Dr. Wright and Dr. James explain that, responses have consequences. It is more important to know the effect of the consequences on the response ... engage in "crossing the street behavior." If this behavior is followed by a "large hand on a small behind," the behavior has been punished, and the likelihood of reoccurrence has been weakened. If "crossing the street behavior" is followed by an ice cream cone, the possibility of this operation ... and pay close attention to our childr...

• Word Count: 2783
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the legal drinking age to twenty-one. Advocates of prohibition were quick to credit the new laws, and a large study by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tried to prove the point (Williams and others 1983). As with the flawed teen-smoking studies cited earlier, the Insurance Institute study ignored the real possibility that prohibitory laws had no effect. A more ... small increase in accidental deaths from handguns). Specifically, "When state concealed handgun laws went into effect in a county, murders fell by 7.65 percent and rapes and aggravated assaults fell by 5 and 7 percen...

• Word Count: 3739
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Court, in its 5-4 decision Furman vs. Georgia, struck down the capital punishment statutes of 39 states. Even then, although the court ruled that the death penalty violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment, it emphasized that it was only illegal in the way it was then ... the American death penalty with the Nazi holocaust. Opponents see no moral distinction between the slaughter of 12 million totally innocent men, women and children and the just execution of society's worst human rights violators. There is also the argument over the cost of death row pri...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... can be claimed is that of the prosecutor. Because prosecutors have such enormous discretion when deciding which charges to file, which penalties to seek, and which cases to prosecute, there are many instances in which a prosecutor's racism can be turned into discrimination against a defendant. Indeed, "statistical ... the defendant introduced a comprehensive, multiple regression analysis of the death penalty, done by Professor David Baldus. The study controlled for 230 independent variables, and indicated that race is by far the most important factor in whether a defendant receives the ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate