... and offender reforms were misguided and this led to rising crime. The conservatives brought in new detention centres and restricted parole policies for prisoners serving sentences of over 5 years (http://www.howardleague.org). When the new labour replaced the conservatives in 1997, they continued the 'get tough' law but argued that an 'excuse culture' had developed within the youth justice system ... is it seen as sufficiently serious by potential offenders? A 'Newsnight' special looks at life in a U.K prison. Offenders are interviewed and discuss how they would prefer not to be serving ...

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... only ten executions involved a white defendant who had killed a Black victim. The final source used in my research that I will discuss is The History of the Death Penalty, (www.deathpenaltyinfo.msu.edu,) which provides a vast amount of information on the subject of deterrence, execution of innocent defendants, and discrimination. According to this site, most states without capital punishment ... in 1976, 158 black defendants have been executed for the murder of a white victim, while only 11 white defendants have been executed for the murder of a black victim (www.deathpenaltyinfo.msu.ed...

• Word Count: 2728
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... been cited as necessary part of law enforcement protocol. Activities, such as phone tapping, were considered "dangerous and unwarranted practice[s]" by the legal authorities of the alcohol prohibition era. (www.ottawacitizen.com) There was even a time when undercover police officers selling drugs to would-be buyers was called entrapment. Times have changed, however, and Supreme Court judges have, over ... requirements involving marijuana charges (the most common of drug offences) while America has formed a separate court system for drugs all together that attempts to focus less on incarce...

• Word Count: 2317
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... suggest the same criminal is responsible, can be linked. Figure 2: Attaching Scanned Images as Attributes to Pins' (Source: Crime Analysis Brochure, 1999, Available from http://www.esri.com) 1.4 Difficulties of Crime Pattern Analysis Using GIS The difficulties in establishing proper GIS procedures for CPA applications were demonstrated when a system for CPA was installed ... North-West England: an Analysis using Geographical Information Systems', Geographical Information Science, 13 (2): 159-184. Bradshaw, T. Gunfire Location System Helps Stop Crime in Urban Areas', Available from: http:/...

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... . Al Capone didn't like school much so he quit school after the 6th grade. Other than Al Capone his nick name was Al, Scarface (www.fbi.gov.com). Al Capone was involve with corruption. He was a bootlegger, who bootlegged alcohol from Canada to Chicago. He killed people too. ... importation thereof in or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited (www.case.com). The 18th Amendment banned liquor which made alcohol consumers upset. When the 18th Amendment passed the crime raised. When the 18...

• Word Count: 1352
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• Grade Level: High School

... for rehabilitation. Execution removes the possibility of rehabilitation of the offender. The law commits a barbarous act by killing a members of society to convince the others that killing is unlawful (www.lectlaw.com). Abolitionist of the death penalty say that "... the death penalty demeans the moral order and execution is not legalized murder--nor is imprisonment legalized kidnapping--but it is ... . A study by the Bedau and Radelet stated that capital convictions for the period from 1900 to 1986 identified 350 cases in which defendants were erroneously convicted of capital crimes. (ww...

• Word Count: 2365
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... penalty for all crimes. By the end of the century Venezuela, Portugal, Netherlands, Costa Rica, Brazil and Ecuador would also end the use of the capital punishment (http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish). Although some U.S. states began abolishing the death penalty, most states continued to use the death penalty. During the Civil War, disagreement to the death penalty faded ... a juvenile can be disproved. Since 2000, four countries in the world are known to have executed juveniles: Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Pakistan, and the United States (www.amnestyusa.org/abolish). Lessening t...

• Word Count: 2714
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... receive sentences in the adult criminal system, which are harsher and more proportional to their crimes. [...] The threat of this harsher punishment will result in lowered juvenile crime rates. [...]" (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/juvenile/stats/kidslikeadults.html) "Allowing a juvenile who committed a serious crime to serve a lesser sentence because of their age is harmful to society and the ... victims." ( http://www.juveniledefense.com/pages/tried.asp) There are positive ways to look at a child being tried as a juvenile because of his or her safety. "Incarcerating you...

• Word Count: 1794
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Other practices included disparate questioning of potential jurors based on race, and a training memo instructing prosecutors on ways to skew juries based on race." (www.aclu.org pg 1) This case ruled that it was illegal to eliminate jurors based upon their race, and said that a juror, even in ... electrocution in 1991, ruling that racial disparities in the death penalty were not a violation of one's Constitutional right of "equal protection of the law."(www.aclu.org page 1) In Stanford vs. Kentucky, and Wilkins vs. Missouri, challenged the Juvenile laws in Kentucky and Missouri. They we...

• Word Count: 2831
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 51/2604_51.html). The total for the United States at the same time in 1995 was 7,947, up by 2,095 from a whole year ago (www.fbi.gov/ucr/hatecrm.html). That alone is not good. Think about it, up by over 2,000 more crimes within a year. If we broke it ... total; in religion, anti - Jewish is at 1,500: and in the sexual orientation, anti - male homosexuality is at 1,256 in the year of 1996 (www.civilrights.org/lcef/hcpc/stats/table4a.html). Peace will probably not even exists anymore. The strong country we are today will soon turn into the weakest country ever. What ... have. There is the...

• Word Count: 1551
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... rapist, does not burn the arsonist's house as punishment. Then which logic entitles the state to kill the killer? BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX I Retrieved from the website: http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/1995/tost_2.html#2_t On 13.03.2003 APPENDIX II Retrieved from the website: http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/1995/tost_2.html#2_t On 25.03.2003 APPENDIX III Retrieved from the website: http ... ://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/1995/tost_2.html#2_t On 10.04.2003 APPENDIX IV Retrieved from the website: http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/1995/tost_2.html#2_t On 15.04.2003 APPENDIX V Retrieved from ... ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... arrives. People aren't always wrongfully accused on accident though. Sometimes it is because of another discriminating factor that people get wrongfully accused or are given a more severe punishment than necessary. (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org) Discrimination affects the death penalty in many ways. Statistics show that race, income, and geography have greatly affected the sentence of people that commit the same crime ... is much more likely to get the death penalty. There have been 43 black death row inmates that have been proven innocent, which indicates that judges are discriminating aga...

• Word Count: 916
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... "6% of young adults paroled after having been convicted of murder were arrested for murder again within six years." (http://www.prodeathpenalty.com/Resources.htm) In fact, in 1984, "an estimated 810 inmates previously convicted of murder had killed 821 persons following their previous murder ... shelter? Presently we allow murderers to sit in prison year after year, filing expensive court trial and appeals, "which cost 1.5 million each"(http://www.prodeathpenalty.com/Resources.htm). Convicted murderers should be entitled to have only one appeal to their conviction to confirm the facts b...

• Word Count: 835
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• Grade Level: High School

... , Michael (Criminal Justice Legal Foundation), "Faulty Convictions are Rare," USA Today, February 11, 2000. [electronic version] http://www.ncpa.org/pi/crime/pd021100b.html 3. Easterbrook, Gregg "The Myth of Fingerprints," New Republic, July 31, 2000. [electronic version] http://www.ncpa.org/pi/crime/pd081100g.html 4. "A just society requires the death penalty for the taking of a life." http://deathpenaltyinfo ... , 1986) [electronic version] http://deathpenaltyinfo.msu.edu/c/about/arguments/testimony1a.htm 8. Frum, David "The Truth About the Chair," Weekly Standard, January 19, 1998. [el...

• Word Count: 1906
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... because criminals are uncertain which potential victims can defend themselves. Second, victims who have guns are in a much better position to defend themselves- (http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/493635). Lott examined "data from all 3,054 U.S. counties over a span of 18 years- (256) and found out ... posses firearms. Lott concluded his book by asking: Will allowing law-abiding citizens to carry concealed handguns save lives? The answer is positive (http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/493638). This conclusion seems outrageous to the critics of Lott's book. Philip Cook, a...

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... begins pullulating hormones. The center of the brain that controls reasoning and impulse control, the prefrontal cortex, is unfinished in the development process (www.pbs.org). Thus, the adolescent is unable to reason well and controlling those hormone-induced impulses can be quite difficult. In other words, ... more susceptible to the psychological disease schizophrenia than any other point in their life and it can begin as early as age 12 (www.pbs.org). Until the prefrontal cortex has fully matured, usually between the ages of 20 and 30 and varying for everyone, the person ... of the U...

• Word Count: 1815
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... ecla.org General Assembly Mission Council (n.d.). Capital Punishment. Retrieved from http://gamc.pcusa.org Justice for Homicide Victims (2010). Retrieved from http://www.justiceforhomicidevictims.net Knights of Columbus (n.d.). Catechism of the Catholic Church. Retrieved from http://www.kofc.org Mosser, K. (2010). Philosophy: A Concise Introduction. Bridge point Education, Inc. San Diego, CA. Retrieved from https://content ... .ashford.edu Polling Report.com (n.d.). Crime/Law Enforcement. Retrieved from www.pollingreport.com Radelet, M.L. & Borg, M.J. (2010). The Changing Nature of Death ...

• Word Count: 2380
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• Grade Level: High School

... be wrongfully executed. In 1999, out of almost 1.5 million violent crimes, there were over 15,000 murders and just under 90,000 forcible rapes (www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_00/00crime2_2.pdf). However, there were only 98 executions(Alter pg. 26). Capital punishment should not be abolished because is keeps ... by released and paroled criminals. Obviously, this is much worse than the twenty-three wrongful executions in the United States in the past century (www.geocities.com/Area51/Capsule/2698/cp.html#risk). There needs to be increased usage of the death penalty in order to lower the number of ....

• Word Count: 830
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• Grade Level: High School

... there are about 3,700 people on death row. There are some arguments about how many are mentally retarded, but the number is estimated at about one-fourth to one-third (www.aclu.org/DeathPenalty/... 1). Being mentally retarded does not mean being insane or having brain damage. Mental retardation is a lifelong condition of impaired or incomplete mental development. Mentally retarded people ... limitation in adaptive functioning in areas such as communication, self-care, academics, and self direction", and both of these earlier conditions must have been evident before the age of 18 (www.ac...

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... of it happening in the future. We can all help by making people aware so they don't make a mistake that they will regret. http://www.shopliftersalternative.org/pages/facts.html http://www.ci.houston.tx.us/departme/police/cp_11/tsld004.htm http://www.shopliftersanonymous.com/Facts.htm http://crimeprevention.rutgers.edu/crime/shoplifting/costs.htm http://retailernews.com/399/unise399.html http ... ...

• Word Count: 1501
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... of death row is the day to day brutality. Every detail of these men's lives says to them you don't deserve to live"(http://www.usccb.org/prolife/programs/rlp/01ros.htm). Joseph showed respect to Jerry simply by proving that someone does still care about him, still respects him ... situation than capital punishment. The MVFR agrees with this perspective and works diligently to show society that, "Executions are not what will help us heal" (http://www.mvfr.org/). The founder of MVFR, Marie Deans, summarizes the culture of life point of view by saying, "After a murder, victims' families fa...

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• Grade Level: High School

... that may have been absent at home. BBSSA has over 500 programs reaching thousands of youth. For more information check out the website at http://www.bbbsa.org/. Lastly the city of Phoenix, AZ uses a Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program to provide a wide range of structured ... activities and classroom instruction for school aged children. According to the website, http://www.ci.phoenix.az.us/POLICE/great.html), GREAT helps youth become responsible members of their communities by setting goals, resisting the pressure to join gangs ... of gangs in prison was by the Depar...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... this same state has been cutting back the expenses on education by at least 25 per cent and upped funding for incarceration by 3.2 billion dollars (www.about.com, 2003). I think that putting more money in education instead of increasing penalty would be more effective. Children are not miniature adults. They ... arrest as a juvenile by 53%". The same report adds that being abused as a child increases 37% the chance of "committing suicide or being a criminal" (www.about.com, 2003). From my point of view, the incarceration of children with adults is a big mistake that leads to terrible cons...

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• Grade Level: High School

... punishment has tended to be gradually replaced by fines and incarceration. However, several societies retain widespread use of corporal punishment; this includes nations such as Singapore and Malaysia. (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment) The Singaporean practice of caning became much discussed in the U.S. in 1994, when American teenager Michael Fay was sentenced to such punishment for an ... offence of car vandalisation. In Singapore, male violent offenders and rapists are typically sentenced to caning in addition to a prison term. (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_pu...

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• Grade Level: High School

... must be eliminated from our society. Works Cited "Capital Punishment: A Morally Bankrupt and Unnecessary Institution." [Online available] http://www.geocities.com/pdaug1pg/End_Capital_Punishment.html. 12 October 2002. Cauthen, Kenneth. "Capital Punishment, Death Penalty." [Online available] http://www.frontiernet.net/~kenc/cappun.htm. 12 October 2002. "Death Penalty: The 23 Innocent People Who Died." [Online available] http ... ://www.aclu.org/issues/death/23executed.html. 12 October 2002. Kamis, Theodore. "Capital Punishment Survey Report." Unpublished paper. Madison, 1996. ... Al+. Nak...

• Word Count: 1086
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School