... with people from different sociocultural backgrounds, educational level, age and sex. 1. Mistranslation or Sense of Social membership? In the first section of this paper, some expressions used in Spanish but evidently originated in their English counterpart will be considered. The relevant issue here is the fact that these expressions are being increasingly spread both in the media and in ... delay to the survey mentioned above. I have chosen a few words of English origin and phonetics which, because of naming widely known international brands, are indisputably part of everyday Porte&nt...

• Word Count: 3323
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... the Germans, besides the Russians were aiding and supporting the Republican government in Spain (Franco). The French and the British government were somewhat fearful to support any side in the Spanish war because it could easily escalate from a national to a regional conflict and therefore, there was a great danger of it becoming a European war. The Basques were easily conquered because they ... the Republican government wanted to impose a semi-communist type of regime similar to that in Soviet Union. As stated above, the workers played a very critical role in the Spanish revolution an...

• Word Count: 3751
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... its end, in April 1939, 325,000 had died in battle and from disease(Paz). Historians estimate that Francoists executed at least 150,000 during and after the war. (Spanish). The Spanish Civil War continues to shape people's lives. At the time, too, people recognised the significance of the war. The struggle in Spain came to represent the fight against fascism ... for the Popular Front, whereas the National Front obtained 33.2% and the centre parties got 5.4%. The Popular Front, with 263 seats out of a possible 473 formed the new government(Spanish). The Popular Front government immediatel...

• Word Count: 3763
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... it came to Spain (Stewart 25). It is divided into three stages. First was the medieval extermination of heretics. Second was the Spanish Inquisition in the 1400s. The final stage was the Roman Inquisition, which began after the reformation. It is frequently stated, and generally ... believed, that the principal object of the existence of the Spanish Inquisition was to burn Jews. Strictly speaking, this is completely untrue (Roth 131). Spain had treated its Jewish population far better than ... being accepted on equal terms into the Christian elite. Intermarriage between Christians and f...

• Word Count: 2512
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

... on earth. Our main strategy will be to fight at a distance, as the Spaniards are notorious for their ramming and boarding schemes. The Spanish indeed possess mighty vessels, but we are not without prospect. Their ships, though numerous and powerful, are slow and cumbersome. Ours are furnished with ... all the while nearing the protection of Parma. Well, orders must be obeyed. Later we discovered that the Ark Royal had captured a great Spanish galleon, the Capitana. It had apparently fallen foul of some other ship, and still carries its collapsed foremast. Due to its battered state and ...

• Word Count: 4371
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... too heavily on local land use planning processes to designate areas as GBMAs, when what is needed is an effective, independent committee that can report directly to the Minister of ELP in order to recommend the required areas to be protected. The Grizzly Bear Scientific Advisory Committee that was established in 1995 should have been a blueprint for the type of action ... ...

• Word Count: 4287
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by supplying Indians for use against the Portuguese, English and French. At the time of the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Spanish Empire in 1767, the reductions were enormously wealthy and compromised more than twenty one thousand families. The Gurnai women were almost much ... of seven missions south of the Rio Uruguay, increased sentiment in Madrid for suppressing the "empire within a empire". The Portuguese and the Spanish allied themselves against the armies of the Jesuits. With their initial campaign halted, they embarked upon another and waited for reinforcements from Europe .....

• Word Count: 8599
• Approx Pages: 34
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... next week exploring various bays and coves and making contact with the Arawaks whom he described as appearing "less peaceful" then the inhabitants of Cuba. Only after a demonstration of Spanish military prowess did the Arawaks reappear in a more peaceful demeanor, and Columbus departed on the 18th of May believing a friendly relationship had been established. His return in July reinforced ... significant number of Portuguese arrived in the forthcoming decade but these proved insufficient for the needs of a colony tasked with supporting such economically vital colonies as Mexico. In resp...

• Word Count: 2771
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... counter such misinformation. As a result, many communities have adopted bi-lingual programs, in order to help Mexican-American students ease into English submersion by using both the Spanish and English languages in the educational process. Detractors argue that such programs require the Mexican-American student to maintain ties to two languages, causing confusion and learning difficulties. ... as student advocates [to English acquisition]." Jimenez's teacher preparation program implemented a multiple literacy approach, in which the teachers would provide the students access to both Engl...

• Word Count: 4836
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... imperialist cultures, it must be considered whether it would be possible for the two to peacefully coexist. This paper focuses specifically on the expansionist policies of both the Aztec and Spanish empires and on Cortes's expedition, which brought the two powerful cultures together in a final confrontation. The Aztecs According to their first records, the Aztecs, or Mexica, originally lived ... the tributes required of them. Moctezuma left the consolidation of his empire up to his generals while he devoted his time to worldly pleasures and religious duties in Tenochtitlan. The Spanish ...

• Word Count: 5323
• Approx Pages: 21

... the Franco regime better than the protracted battle between FC Barcelona and Real Madrid for the signature of Alfredo di Stéfano. In the constant arms race to dominate Spanish football, both teams became interested in Di Stéfano after his dazzling performances for Millonarios captivated Spain during a friendly tournament in Madrid (Futbol Factory). Barcelona reacted quickest, and ... , Franco did not control FIFA, who ignored the unsanctioned Colombian league and approved Barcelona's deal. Franco did, however, control the State. When Barcelona were near to drawing a deal, the Spanish g...

• Word Count: 2599
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... monolingual speakers of their native language, develop bilingualism as they acquire English, establish English-speaking households, and raise their children as English-speaking monolinguals. According to survey data, even Spanish, a language thought to be particularly enduring in the United States, seldom lasts beyond the second or third generation. Despite evidence that shift toward English is occurring for many ... 's official national language, over the past 20 years it has rapidly become the entire world's unofficial language, utterly dominating the spheres of science, technology and...

• Word Count: 5919
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... directly to the usage and quality of certain fabrics as textile production became an important theme. Fashion was influenced cross culturally within the 16th century as Italy was overrun by Spanish, French, and Austrian influence. Within the other parts of Europe within the Northern Renaissance, fashion played an even more important role. Styles originated within each country and spread from one ... . Women often wore gold chains with a wide jeweled collar that noted social status. Within the second phase of dress within the 16th century, women's dress was influenced greatly by the Spani...

• Word Count: 4939
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... also known then as Charcas or Chuquisaca. Important scientific and legal works were written there. One example is El Arte de los Metales, or The Art of Metalworking by the Spanish priest Alvaro Alonso Barba, written in 1640. Another work concerns silver mining at Potosi, written by Nicolas de Martinez Arzanz during the 16th century. The world of sculpture was in ... Bolivia. Through them, the people give free rein to their joy, especially during carnival and the regional celebrations of both the kollas and the yungas. The mixture of indigenous and Spanish cultures gave birth to dances i...

• Word Count: 4719
• Approx Pages: 19

... the Muslim Suluk Sultanate in Jolo, spreading its political and religious influence around the region and even sharing diplomatic and commercial relations with neighboring sultanates in Brunei and Malaysia. The Spanish Conquest of the Philippines Less than a century later, the Spaniards introduced Christianity to the Philippines when they arrived in the Philippines in 1521. The Spaniards embarked on a policy ... often returned by the Muslims, as they too conducted raids on Christian villages. This action created the rift between the Christian and Muslim Filipinos. In addition, however, th...

• Word Count: 3072
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the students were of Hispanic descent. Mr. Gonzalez was also of Hispanic descent. All except two of the students spoke both English and Spanish. The other two students had just recently moved to the United States and were still adapting, though pretty quickly, to English taught lessons. Mr ... he was saying. The two students who had the most difficulty with the language never hesitated to ask questions. Mr. Gonzalez would answer them in Spanish to better aid their misunderstanding. I found it interesting that throughout the class there would be things Mr. Gonzalez would say in both la...

• Word Count: 6745
• Approx Pages: 27
• Grade Level: High School

... start of the expedition can be primarily attributed to Gold, Glory, and God (Riley, 10/2/03). These factors were motivation for the Spanish monarchy, all participants in the conquest (whether of minor or major importance), and especially for Cortés himself. For the monarchy, there ... from an earlier expedition, Jeronimo de Aguilar. Cortés commissioned him to join the expedition to serve as a translator between his native language, Spanish, and his adopted language, Mayan. The second occurrence, which gave even greater grandeur to his first addition, was a maiden named Doña ... to ...

• Word Count: 2923
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the original revolution plot devised by the criollos (Mexican-born Spaniards). Groups of criollos across Mexico had been plotting to overthrow the authority of gachopines who, because of their Spanish nativity, had legal and social priority over the criollos. When Joseph Bonaparte replaced King Ferdinand as the leader of Spain, the criollos recognized a prime opportunity for Mexican sovereignity. ... Indians, which was unusual amongst Mexican clergymen. Against gachopine law, Hidalgo taught Indians to plant olives, mulberries and grapevines and to manufacture pottery and leather. His act...

• Word Count: 4402
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography

... had developed with the Mexican Mennonite colonies, and to alleviate internal dissensions amongst conservative and progressive modes of Mennonite religious thought. They formed three colonies: Blue Creek, Shipyard, and Spanish Lookout. In 1966, ten Mennonite families established a new colony (Pilgrimage Valley), to escape the increasing secularism which had enveloped their communities. Three years later, the most orthodox ... new colonies in northern Belize. Altkolonier from Mexico settled Blue Creek and Shipyard and Altkolonier from Canada settled Richmond Hill. During the early stages of...

• Word Count: 4254
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

... were mysteriously abandoned, and some Maya migrated to the Yucatán Peninsula. During the Post-classic period, from 900 to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, Maya civilization was centered in the Yucatán. Two prominent cities constructed by the Mayans are Chichén Itzá ... century the Aztecs had expanded their control of Mexico. The smaller tribes began to revolt against the Aztecs. From this point on the Spanish would begin to influence the Mexican way of life. The Conquest of the Aztecs and the Rise of New Spain In 1519, a ... the Indian population in the seventee...

• Word Count: 2646
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... In chapter six, The Frogs and Lobsters, The French loyalists are trying to take over, and there was no interpreter for the French or the Spanish ships. Because of this Horatio is asked to be the interpreter. The Frogs are the French, and the Lobsters are the ... Spanish. In chapter seven, The Spanish Galleys, Horatio was still acting as an interpreter for the French and Spanish. Spain wanted to make peace with France, and the Spanish captain was telling Horatio that they had to be unanchored within six hours, or else ... but the ropes got burned. After trying to bring the ship to land, ...

• Word Count: 3002
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... country that they could expand because they would have resources that very few other countries had or knew where to find. This would help the Spanish Empire become wealthy and powerful, causing them to become a leader in the emerging global economy. The Spaniards went to Mexico to explore and ... had to offer. When the New World was discovered new resources were discovered and the Spaniards saw an opportunity to explore and expand the Spanish Empire. When people explore and discover, their knowledge is built up as well. They discover things about other cultures and their way of life ......

• Word Count: 2761
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... earliest European name for present-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The transatlantic slave trade increased in the mid-1500s, when the Spanish began to use African slave labor alongside Native Americans to mine silver in Peru. Slave ships sailed from Africa to Colombia and Panama ... labor on Brazilian sugar plantations. The development of an export-based plantation complex in North America and the Caribbean, areas neglected by the Spanish and Portuguese, awaited the arrival of the British, French, and Dutch in the early 1600s. In the initial development of the British colonies ......

• Word Count: 5818
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... died) in an attempt to quell the violence. Such an atrocity aroused public sentiment, which had been formerly lukewarm regarding a war with Spain to lean towards intervention. When a new Spanish government seized power in 1897 and promised President McKinley that there would be human rights reforms in Cuba, tensions between the two nations seemed to subside. However, the decisive factor ... what would be commonly known as the "splendid little war", the United States was able to demonstrate its formidable military and technological might by quickly and effortlessly destroying the antiquate...

• Word Count: 3500
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... language forth so boldly with her novel, it is necessary and appropriate to carefully analysis how her words portray her true self. "In English or Spanish? She wonders. That poet at Lucinda's party the night before argued that no matter how much of it one lost, in the midst of ... It's never the same - or rather we are not the same (Milanes 2)." For the majority of her life, it has been the love of her native Spanish that has created a divide deep within her disillusioned self. One critic remarks, "The idea of "losing" one's accent is nothing but a metaphor: a symbol of ... get back on ...

• Word Count: 2799
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School