... professions. We are defining high-stakes standardized testing as those exams which have direct consequences for a teacher, students, administrator, and/or district based solely on the numeric score of that exam. These consequences may include: loss of funding for a school, not graduating high school with a diploma, being retained in a grade level until a certain score is attained, financial penalties held ... testing in order to receive teacher certification, either provisional or permanent, and more specifically the implications of these tests on non-native English speakers. We argue t...

• Word Count: 3267
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... much shadow on them. This is so-called edification. However, in China, what most students received in middle schools is rigescent, spoon-feed education due to exam-orientated education system. Therefore, when those who have received exam-orientated education themselves come back to school and become teachers, a vicious circle begins. This problem is China-unique, and it seems that it would not ... be solved in recent years as long as the exam-orientated education system remains unchanged. In addition, the last problem is somewhat pessimistic, but I think it is invincible. The course of ...

• Word Count: 3276
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... developed criteria for initial teacher certification or licensure. The State requires successful completion of an approved teacher education program, a cumulative GPA of 2.5, and successful completion of all required NTE/PRAXIS exam for the area of certification (appendix A). Efforts and Resources Education is primarily a State and local responsibility in the U.S. Of an estimated $732 billion being spent nationwide on education at all ... ...

• Word Count: 2518
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... CLT methods in many other countries. Is it perhaps that CLT can not or will not be readily embraced by students who primarily study English in order to pass an exam largely based on grammar theory. Or does the answer depend on the teacher's capacity to use CLT or the student's desire to communicate in English, as opposed to simply gaining ... ...

• Word Count: 2540
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... a definition of reading comprehension. Perhaps it's assumed that we all know what it is; or maybe "comprehension" is a slippery term that we have trouble grasping, or "comprehending" (Wilhelm, Jeff 1998). Webster's Collegiate Dictionary offers this definition of comprehension: "capacity of the mind to perceive and understand." Reading comprehension, then, would be the capacity to perceive and understand the meanings communicated by ... ...

• Word Count: 3864
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate