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Obedience (Shakespeare and Machiavelli)

 

Early in Hamlet the ghost of King Hamlet appears to his son to speak with him. After the ghost has departed, Hamlet turns to his watchman and commands them.
             "Hamlet: Never make known what you have seen tonight.
             Whatmen: My lord, we will not.
             Hamlet: Nay, but swear it.
             Horatio: In faith, my lord, not I.
             Marcellus: Nor I, my lord, in faith." (Bevington p.33) .
             This is a perfect example of subjects obeying their prince. This example made use of the expanded definition of obedience stated above, the definition that extended the idea beyond just subjects and kings. The two watchman have no choice but to obey their superior. It was how the society was. It is noteworthy, here, to mention that the commands of the superior were not evil or malicious. But Shakespeare gives us a more evil situation as well. .
             Much later in the play, Laertes has just returned from France upon learning of his father's death. In his conversation with King Claudius, the plans are laid for Hamlet's end.
             "Claudius: Revenge should have no bounds. But good Laertes, will you do this, keep close within your chamber. Hamlet returned shall know you are come home. We"ll put on those shall praise your excellence and set a double varnish on the fame the Frenchman gave you, bring you in fine together, and wager on your heads. He, being remiss, most generous, and free from all contriving, will not peruse the foils, so that with ease, or with a little shuffling, you may choose a sword unbated, and in a pass of practice requite him for your father.
             Laertes: I will do "t, and for that purpose I"ll anoint my sword. I bought an unction of a mountebank so mortal that, but dip a knife in it, where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare, collected from all simples that have virtue under the moon, can save the thing from death that is but scratched withal." (Bevington p.119) This example is easily seen as a king intentionally planning something evil and his orders being carried out by his subject without hesitation or reproach.


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