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Emily Durkheim - Studies on Suicide

 

It was found that those nations that were least influenced by the Germans were the ones were suicide was most prominent although Germans (according to the study of race) were believed to be the ones who commit most number of suicides. Thus Durkheim stated that Germans had the highest suicide rate not because of race but because of the social environment present there. The third normal psychological factor that supposedly influenced suicide was "heredity" as a number of families had shown a tendency towards suicide from generation to generation. But Durkheim rejected this theory of heredity saying that suicidal tendency was present only in those families which were affected by insanity. Therefore suicide from one generation to another was no due to heredity but due to passage of this insanity. Also, he says that if it was hereditary, then it should influence both sexes but from the examples given, it was found that only male members of the family seemed to be committing suicide and not the females.
             Suicide and Cosmic Factors.
             It was believed that individual inclinations when combined with cosmic factors, or "cosmos factors" meaning changes in climate or season were capable of activating dormant potential natural aptitudes of certain persons for suicide. But the suggestion on climate can be ruled out as the distribution of suicides cross the globe point out that suicides occur in all climatic conditions nd in all countries, such as Italy, whose climate remains unaltered yet it has witnessed great changes in their suicide rates. Therefore the different inclination of people to suicide mustn't be linked with climatic conditions but must be linked to the civilizations and their distribution in these countries also to shared common beliefs and ideas In case of Italy, it's capital shifted to the centre with the conquest of Rome in 1870 leading to a shift in the economics, artistic and scientific activity and suicide rates, thus proving that social causes, instead of climatic conditions, affected suicide.


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