The reader can clearly discern Raskolnikov's instability of mind – perhaps even insanity – prior to, during, and after the murder while analyzing the text, and while he feels no guilt nor remorse under his theory after murdering the landlady and her sister, his insanity is accentuated by his consternation of getting discovered for murder. Raskolnikov's theory fundamentally results in the significant events of the novel and their aftermaths; he becomes even more mentally unstable after killing the pawnbroker, he becomes physically ill, and he arouses worry and suspicions from the people around him. .
Consider the different dreams throughout the novel and decide what functional role they fulfill. Raskolnikov dreams often in the novel, and the author indubitably implements his dreams to play a specific role. Dreams influence Raskolnikov in his consciousness heavily, and play an important role in revealing his subconscious fears and toils; he decides from a dream his choice murder weapon – an axe. Furthermore, the dream of the horse illustrate his apprehensions and worries while reinforcing his feelings of helplessness and loneliness. In the end, Raskolnikov dreams of a virus has afflicted mankind, creating chaos, confusion, and insanity for its victims. This dream shapes his realization of love for Sonia, whom he had treated like dirt. .
Explore the religious and biblical themes in the novel, especially the story of Lazarus that Sonia reads to Raskolnikov. Religion plays an ironic role in Crime and Punishment, and many Christian themes appear within the novel (i.e., driver who whips Raskolnikov). The central story focuses on concepts completely contrary to the ideals of Christianity, (murder, trial, punishment, revenge) but also includes Christian themes and morals. Raskolnikov asks Sonia to read to him the story of Lazarus, and Sonia does so for the sake of Raskolnikov, despite her hesitation of reading to a non-believer.