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Symbols in Shakespeare's Macbeth

 

Evil, his ˜black and deep desires', is begin to take control of him. Light and darkness are also used to illustrate life and death. On the evening King Duncan is murdered, Lennox reports that the fire in his chimney was mysteriously "blown" out (2.3.3); the fire represented the King's life. It is also strangely dark on the morning after the night of King Duncan's murder, and Ross says to the Old Man, "by the clock, ˜tis day, And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp " (2.4.6-7). This signifies the start of darkness taking over Scotland, but can also be seen as a metaphor for Duncan's life being ˜strangled' by Macbeth, ˜the dark night'. Another example of darkness overtaking light occurs when Banquo's torchlight (the one that illuminates him just enough so his murderers can see what they're doing) is snuffed out the moment he is killed (3.3.5). Lastly, Macbeth responds to the news of Lady Macbeth's suicide by proclaiming "out, out brief candle" (5.5.3), using the candle's flame as a metaphor for her short life and sudden death. The image of the candle is used to show how vulnerable life is. It does not last for a long time and it is easily blown out. Macbeth learns this at a very high cost: his tragic end.
             The association of light and darkness does not only contrast and illustrate, but it is also used predominately by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, to foreshadow and describe their actions and feelings. Darkness is evidently used much more than light, and when light is mentioned, it is usually snuffed out or overtaken by darkness. This first occurs when Lady Macbeth asks "thick night" to come with the "smoke of hell," so that her knife will not see the wound it makes in the peacefully sleeping King (1.5.3).   She also calls for murderous spirits to prevent "heaven" from "peep[ing] through the blanket of the dark to cry 'Hold, Hold!'" she implies that light (here associated with God, heaven, and goodness) offers protection from evil and is the only thing that can stop her from murdering Duncan (1.


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