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Agustus

 

            Augustus was the first Roman emperor in 27 B.
             Roman Empire began under his control. He restored peace and order after 100 years of .
             civil war. The Roman Republic faced many problems during his time. Two of the .
             problems they faced were instability and disunity because of civil wars. Rome had .
             changes that divided the state after its expansion after the Punic Wars and the power of its .
             military increased because of civil wars. Augustus saw what the civil war had done to .
             Rome and he understood that control of the legions by the civil government was needed .
             for peace and order to be established for the Roman Empire. He wanted to reorganize and .
             make changes in the military to make sure that it wouldn't rise and challenge the law of .
             the state again. Now that the warfare with the Empire was over the role of the legions .
             changed. Augustus also wanted to decrease the number of legions from 60 to 28 to settle .
             the dispute of more than 100,000 veterans in colonies in Italy, Africa, Asia, and Syria. .
             He made a resettlement program with the money of Egypt, which he got after he had .
             defeated Antony. He raised the salary of the troops and made the payment of pensions .
             regular again. He also decreased the threat of soldiers siding with rich generals rather .
             than to the state. He standardized the length of the military service as well. The Roman .
             legion became a professional and long service and an officer of senatorial rank in which .
             Augustus appointed himself headed each legion. The legionnaires pledged their .
             allegiance to Augustus as commander-in-chief. Augustus recruited soldiers from the .
             Roman provinces in which these troops were granted Roman citizenship if they .
             completed military service. He also raised a new military called the Praetorian Guard to .
             be the bodyguards of the Emperor and to protect the city of Rome from all enemies .
             whether they were foreign or domestic. Augustus made a police force for the city, which .


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