Another product of photosynthesis is oxygen gas (O2) which is comprised of the leftover H2O and CO2 in the original reaction. .
6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2.
This occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell, "Within this cell organelle is the green pigment chlorophyll that captures the light from the Sun." (Biology4Kids, 2014) Chlorophyll is the instigator in the cycle of photosynthesis, there are four types of chlorophyll, "they are: A, B, C and D while only A is used in photosynthesis". (Biology4Kids, 2014) As the water enters the soil it finally reaches the root where the plant uses the process of transpiration and converts the hydrogen and oxygen component into glucose. What is left is used up as oxygen as the carbon dioxide enters the "stomata" of the leaf where it is converted to oxygen. The oxygen then is released from the plant into the atmosphere through tiny openings in the leaves known as stomata. The leaves of plants are largely comprised of "mesophyll, the stomata, the veins (vascular bundle) and the upper and lower epidermis." (Enchanted Learning, 2012).
There are several factors which affect photosynthesis and the plant's growth rate. These include light intensity, i.e. the optimal light level for plant growth, humidity, temperature, access to carbon dioxide and water, soil in which the plant is grown, concentration of chlorophyll and aeration. One way or another, these factors all play a role in photosynthesis which is perhaps the most important process for plants to grow and gain nutrition. .
Comparatively, when plants burn the glucose produced from photosynthesis it results in a process that is the opposite of photosynthesis in the sense that photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere and this process puts it back. This process is called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a process performed by all organisms where a chemical reaction occurs, in which energy from glucose is produced in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).